Conjunction (Kata Hubung): Pengertian, Jenis, Fungsi, dan Contoh Lengkap
C. NEITHER … NOR
Artinya:
tidak … dan juga tidak
Neither Rina nor Sinta is absent. Rina maupun Sinta tidak ada yang absen.
I like neither coffee nor tea. Saya tidak menyukai kopi maupun teh.
Rumus:
Neither + A + nor + B
D. NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO
Artinya:
tidak hanya … tetapi juga
She is not only smart but also kind. Dia tidak hanya pintar tetapi juga baik.
He speaks not only English but also Japanese. Dia berbicara tidak hanya bahasa Inggris tetapi juga bahasa Jepang.
Rumus:
Not only + A + but also + B
E. WHETHER … OR
Artinya:
apakah … atau
I don’t know whether he will come or not. Saya tidak tahu apakah dia akan datang atau tidak.
I don’t know whether to stay or leave. Saya tidak tahu apakah harus tinggal atau pergi.
D. CONJUNCTION BERDASARKAN MAKNA
Agar lebih mudah dipelajari, conjunction dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan fungsinya.
1. Penambahan
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| and | dan |
| also | juga |
| moreover | selain itu |
| furthermore | selain itu |
| in addition | sebagai tambahan |
Contoh:
She is smart and friendly. Dia pintar dan ramah.
2. Pertentangan
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| but | tetapi |
| yet | namun |
| although | meskipun |
| though | meskipun |
| even though | walaupun |
| while | sedangkan |
| whereas | sedangkan |
Contoh:
Although he was tired, he continued working.
3. Sebab
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| because | karena |
| since | karena |
| as | karena |
| for | karena |
Contoh:
I stayed home because I was sick.
4. Akibat
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| so | jadi/sehingga |
| therefore | oleh karena itu |
| thus | dengan demikian |
Contoh:
It was raining, so we stayed home.
5. Pilihan
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| or | atau |
| either … or | … atau … |
| whether … or | apakah … atau |
Contoh:
Would you like tea or coffee?
6. Syarat
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| if | jika |
| unless | kecuali jika/jika tidak |
| provided that | dengan syarat bahwa |
| as long as | selama/asalkan |
Contoh:
If you study hard, you will pass.
7. Waktu
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| when | ketika |
| while | ketika/selama |
| before | sebelum |
| after | setelah |
| until | sampai |
| since | sejak |
| as soon as | segera setelah |
Contoh:
Call me when you arrive.
8. Tujuan
| Conjunction | Arti |
|---|---|
| so that | agar |
| in order that | agar/supaya |
Contoh:
I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
E. PERBEDAAN CONJUNCTION YANG SERING MEMBINGUNGKAN
1. AND vs BUT
And = menambahkan informasi.
I am smart and friendly.
But = menunjukkan pertentangan.
I am tired, but I keep studying.
2. BECAUSE vs SO
Because = alasan.
I stayed home because I was sick.
So = akibat.
I was sick, so I stayed home.
3. ALTHOUGH vs BUT
Keduanya dapat menunjukkan pertentangan, tetapi jangan menggunakannya bersama dalam pola sederhana yang sama.
❌ Although it was raining, but we went outside.
✅ Although it was raining, we went outside.
atau
✅ It was raining, but we went outside.
4. BECAUSE vs BECAUSE OF
Because + Subject + Verb
We stayed home because it was raining.
Because of + noun/noun phrase
We stayed home because of the rain.
Perhatikan:
because + kalimat
because of + kata benda/frasa benda
5. ALTHOUGH vs DESPITE
Although + Subject + Verb
Although it was raining, we went outside.
Despite + noun/gerund
Despite the rain, we went outside.
atau:
Despite being tired, she continued studying.
F. PENGGUNAAN KOMA PADA CONJUNCTION
Jika dependent clause berada di awal, biasanya digunakan koma.
Contoh:
Because I was sick, I stayed home.
Although it was raining, we played football.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Tetapi jika dependent clause berada di belakang, biasanya tidak perlu koma:
I stayed home because I was sick.
We played football although it was raining.
You will pass the exam if you study hard.
G. CONTOH ANALISIS KALIMAT
Kalimat:
I was hungry, so I ate some bread.
Pembahasan:
- I was hungry = saya lapar
- so = jadi/sehingga
- I ate some bread = saya makan roti
Hubungannya:
Sebab → akibat
I was hungry → I ate some bread.
Kalimat:
I stayed at home because it was raining.
Pembahasan:
- I stayed at home = saya tinggal di rumah
- because = karena
- it was raining = sedang hujan
Hubungannya:
Akibat/tindakan ← alasan
Kalimat:
Although she was tired, she continued studying.
Pembahasan:
- Although = meskipun
- she was tired = dia lelah
- she continued studying = dia tetap belajar
Hubungannya:
Pertentangan
H. RINGKASAN CONJUNCTION YANG WAJIB DIKUASAI
| Conjunction | Arti | Fungsi |
|---|---|---|
| and | dan | penambahan |
| but | tetapi | pertentangan |
| or | atau | pilihan |
| so | jadi/sehingga | akibat |
| for | karena | alasan |
| yet | namun | pertentangan |
| nor | dan juga tidak | tambahan negatif |
| because | karena | sebab |
| although | meskipun | pertentangan |
| though | meskipun | pertentangan |
| if | jika | kondisi |
| unless | jika tidak | kondisi |
| when | ketika | waktu |
| while | sementara/ketika | waktu |
| before | sebelum | waktu |
| after | setelah | waktu |
| until | sampai | waktu |
| since | sejak/karena | waktu/sebab |
| as | ketika/karena | waktu/sebab |
| so that | agar | tujuan |
| than | daripada | perbandingan |
| both…and | baik…maupun | dua hal |
| either…or | …atau… | pilihan |
| neither…nor | tidak…maupun | dua hal negatif |
| not only…but also | tidak hanya…tetapi juga | penambahan |
| whether…or | apakah…atau | pilihan |
I. LATIHAN CONJUNCTION
Pilih jawaban yang paling tepat!
1.
I like tea ___ coffee.
A. but B. and C. because D. so
2.
I was tired, ___ I continued studying.
A. but B. because C. or D. so
3.
She stayed at home ___ she was sick.
A. but B. or C. because D. and
4.
It was raining, ___ we stayed at home.
A. so B. but C. because D. or
5.
Would you like tea ___ coffee?
A. and B. because C. or D. so
6.
___ it was raining, we went to school.
A. Because B. Although C. So D. And
7.
I will call you ___ I arrive home.
A. when B. but C. because D. or
8.
You will pass the exam ___ you study hard.
A. if B. but C. although D. or
9.
She studied hard ___ she could pass the test.
A. so that B. but C. or D. although
10.
___ Rina and Sinta are students.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Whether
J. KUNCI JAWABAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
1. B — and
I like tea and coffee.
And digunakan untuk menambahkan dua hal.
Artinya:
Saya suka teh dan kopi.
2. A — but
I was tired, but I continued studying.
Ada pertentangan antara tired dan continued studying.
Artinya:
Saya lelah, tetapi saya tetap belajar.
3. C — because
She stayed at home because she was sick.
Because menunjukkan alasan.
Artinya:
Dia tinggal di rumah karena dia sakit.
4. A — so
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
So menunjukkan akibat.
Artinya:
Hujan turun, jadi kami tinggal di rumah.
5. C — or
Would you like tea or coffee?
Or menunjukkan pilihan.
Artinya:
Apakah kamu ingin teh atau kopi?
6. B — Although
Although it was raining, we went to school.
Although menunjukkan pertentangan.
Artinya:
Meskipun hujan, kami pergi ke sekolah.
7. A — when
I will call you when I arrive home.
When digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu.
Artinya:
Saya akan meneleponmu ketika saya sampai di rumah.
8. A — if
You will pass the exam if you study hard.
If menunjukkan syarat.
Artinya:
Kamu akan lulus ujian jika kamu belajar dengan giat.
9. A — so that
She studied hard so that she could pass the test.
So that menunjukkan tujuan.
Artinya:
Dia belajar dengan giat agar dia dapat lulus ujian.
10. C — Both
Both Rina and Sinta are students.
Pasangan conjunction yang benar adalah:
both … and
Artinya:
Rina dan Sinta sama-sama siswa.
K. CARA MUDAH MENGINGAT CONJUNCTION
Untuk tingkat SMP, kuasai terlebih dahulu 15 conjunction utama berikut:
AND = dan BUT = tetapi OR = atau SO = jadi/sehingga BECAUSE = karena IF = jika ALTHOUGH = meskipun WHEN = ketika WHILE = sementara BEFORE = sebelum AFTER = setelah UNTIL = sampai UNLESS = jika tidak SO THAT = agar THAN = daripada
Kemudian lanjutkan ke pasangan:
BOTH … AND EITHER … OR NEITHER … NOR NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO WHETHER … OR
Dengan menguasai kelompok tersebut, siswa sudah memiliki dasar yang kuat untuk menggunakan conjunction dalam Simple Present, Simple Past, descriptive text, recount text, narrative text, report text, dan percakapan sehari-hari.
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