PASSIVE VOICE

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang menekankan orang atau benda yang menerima tindakan, bukan orang atau benda yang melakukan tindakan.

Active Voice

Subjek melakukan tindakan.

Rina cleans the classroom.
Rina membersihkan kelas.

Passive Voice

Subjek menerima tindakan.

The classroom is cleaned by Rina.
Kelas dibersihkan oleh Rina.

Perbedaan utama

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Fokus pada pelaku	Fokus pada penerima tindakan
Subject melakukan tindakan	Subject menerima tindakan
Rina cleans the room.	The room is cleaned by Rina.

Rumus Dasar Passive Voice

Rumus umum:

Subject + TO BE + V3 + (by + Subject/Agent)

Contoh:

The book is written by John.
Buku itu ditulis oleh John.

Keterangan:

• Subject = penerima tindakan
• To be = disesuaikan dengan tense
• V3 = past participle
• by + agent = pelaku tindakan, jika perlu disebutkan

Ciri-Ciri Passive Voice

Beberapa ciri yang mudah dikenali:

Menggunakan V3

Contoh:

• write → written
• clean → cleaned
• make → made
• eat → eaten
• build → built

Menggunakan bentuk to be

Contohnya:

• am
• is
• are
• was
• were
• be
• been
• being

Sering menggunakan “by”

Contoh:

The cake was made by my mother.

Namun, by tidak selalu harus digunakan.

The cake was made yesterday.

Kalimat tetap benar walaupun pelakunya tidak disebutkan.

V1, V2, dan V3

Untuk membuat Passive Voice, kita harus memahami V3.

V1	V2	V3	Arti
write	wrote	written	menulis
eat	ate	eaten	makan
make	made	made	membuat
clean	cleaned	cleaned	membersihkan
build	built	built	membangun
buy	bought	bought	membeli
see	saw	seen	melihat
take	took	taken	mengambil
give	gave	given	memberikan
wash	washed	washed	mencuci

Ingat: Passive Voice menggunakan V3, bukan V1 atau V2.

Cara Mengubah Active Voice Menjadi Passive Voice

Gunakan langkah berikut.

Langkah 1

Cari object dalam kalimat aktif.

Langkah 2

Object tersebut dipindahkan menjadi subject.

Langkah 3

Tentukan to be sesuai tense.

Langkah 4

Gunakan V3.

Langkah 5

Subject dari kalimat aktif dapat diletakkan setelah by.

Contoh

Active:

Rina cleans the classroom.

Identifikasi:

• Subject = Rina
• Verb = cleans
• Object = the classroom

Object menjadi subject:

The classroom …

Tense = Simple Present.

To be = is

Verb clean → cleaned

Maka:

The classroom is cleaned by Rina.

Artinya:

Kelas dibersihkan oleh Rina.

Passive Voice dalam Berbagai Tenses

Simple Present Tense

Rumus

S + am/is/are + V3

Active

Andi cleans the room.

Passive

The room is cleaned by Andi.

Pembahasan:

• the room = singular
• to be = is
• clean → cleaned (V3)

Contoh lain

The students clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by the students.

My mother cooks dinner.
Dinner is cooked by my mother.

Simple Present: Negative

Active

Rina does not clean the room.

Passive

The room is not cleaned by Rina.

Rumus:

S + am/is/are + not + V3

Contoh:

The windows are not cleaned every day.

Artinya:

Jendela-jendela tidak dibersihkan setiap hari.

Simple Present: Interrogative

Active

Does Rina clean the room?

Passive

Is the room cleaned by Rina?

Rumus:

Am/Is/Are + S + V3 + …?

Contoh:

Is English spoken in this classroom?

Artinya:

Apakah bahasa Inggris digunakan di kelas ini?

Simple Past Tense

Rumus

S + was/were + V3

Active

Rina cleaned the room.

Passive

The room was cleaned by Rina.

Contoh

The students cleaned the classroom.

Passive:

The classroom was cleaned by the students.

Simple Past Negative

Active

Rina did not clean the room.

Passive

The room was not cleaned by Rina.

Rumus:

S + was/were + not + V3

Simple Past Interrogative

Active

Did Rina clean the room?

Passive

Was the room cleaned by Rina?

Rumus:

Was/Were + S + V3 + …?

Present Continuous

Rumus

S + am/is/are + being + V3

Contoh

Active

Rina is cleaning the room.

Passive

The room is being cleaned by Rina.

being sangat penting dalam passive continuous.

Contoh

They are repairing the road.

Passive:

The road is being repaired by them.

Past Continuous

Rumus

S + was/were + being + V3

Active

They were cleaning the classroom.

Passive

The classroom was being cleaned by them.

Artinya:

Kelas sedang dibersihkan oleh mereka.

Present Perfect

Rumus

S + has/have + been + V3

Active

Rina has cleaned the room.

Passive

The room has been cleaned by Rina.

Contoh

They have finished the project.

Passive:

The project has been finished by them.

Past Perfect

Rumus

S + had + been + V3

Active

Rina had cleaned the room.

Passive

The room had been cleaned by Rina.

Contoh

They had completed the project.

Passive:

The project had been completed by them.

Simple Future

Rumus

S + will + be + V3

Active

Rina will clean the room.

Passive

The room will be cleaned by Rina.

Contoh

They will build a new school.

Passive:

A new school will be built by them.

Future with “Going to”

Rumus

S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3

Active

They are going to build a new bridge.

Passive

A new bridge is going to be built by them.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs:

• can
• could
• may
• might
• must
• should
• would

Rumus

S + modal + be + V3

Contoh

Active

You must clean the room.

Passive

The room must be cleaned by you.

Contoh lainnya

Active:

Students should obey the rules.

Passive:

The rules should be obeyed by students.

Active:

We can solve the problem.

Passive:

The problem can be solved by us.

Active:

They must finish the work.

Passive:

The work must be finished by them.

Ringkasan Rumus Passive Voice

Tense	Rumus Passive
Simple Present	S + am/is/are + V3
Simple Past	S + was/were + V3
Present Continuous	S + am/is/are + being + V3
Past Continuous	S + was/were + being + V3
Present Perfect	S + has/have + been + V3
Past Perfect	S + had + been + V3
Simple Future	S + will + be + V3
Going to	S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3
Modal	S + modal + be + V3

Perubahan Pronoun dalam Passive Voice

Ketika subject aktif dipindahkan setelah by, pronoun harus berubah menjadi object pronoun.

Subject	Object
I	me
You	you
He	him
She	her
It	it
We	us
They	them

Contoh

Active:

She cleans the room.

Passive:

The room is cleaned by her.

Bukan:

❌ The room is cleaned by she.

Contoh lain

He writes the letter.
The letter is written by him.

They built the house.
The house was built by them.

We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.

Kapan “by” Tidak Perlu Digunakan?

By + pelaku dapat dihilangkan jika pelakunya:

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