Passive Voice: Pengertian, Fungsi, Rumus, Contoh, dan Cara Menggunakannya dalam Bahasa Inggris
Tidak diketahui
My bicycle was stolen.
Tidak diketahui siapa yang mencuri sepeda.
Tidak penting
English is spoken here.
Yang penting adalah fakta bahwa bahasa Inggris digunakan.
Sudah jelas
The students were punished.
Tidak perlu selalu menjelaskan siapa yang menghukum mereka.
Pelakunya umum
Rice is grown in Indonesia.
Fokusnya adalah beras ditanam, bukan siapa petaninya secara spesifik.
Transitive dan Intransitive Verb
Tidak semua kata kerja dapat diubah menjadi Passive Voice.
Passive Voice umumnya membutuhkan transitive verb, yaitu kata kerja yang mempunyai object.
Transitive Verb
She writes a letter.
Ada object:
a letter
Maka bisa menjadi:
A letter is written by her.
Intransitive Verb
He sleeps.
Tidak mempunyai object.
Tidak dapat dibuat menjadi:
❌ A bed is slept by him.
Jadi:
Verb yang tidak mempunyai object biasanya tidak dapat dibuat menjadi Passive Voice.
Active → Passive
Contoh 1
Active:
The teacher explains the lesson.
Passive:
The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Contoh 2
Active:
Mother cooked the food.
Passive:
The food was cooked by Mother.
Contoh 3
Active:
The students are cleaning the classroom.
Passive:
The classroom is being cleaned by the students.
Contoh 4
Active:
They have finished the homework.
Passive:
The homework has been finished by them.
Contoh 5
Active:
The school will organize a competition.
Passive:
A competition will be organized by the school.
Passive Voice dengan Dua Object
Beberapa verb mempunyai dua object.
Contoh:
Mother gave me a book.
Ada dua object:
- me
- a book
Passive dapat dibuat dengan dua cara:
I was given a book by Mother.
atau:
A book was given to me by Mother.
Keduanya benar.
Passive Voice dengan Modal
Active
Students must follow the rules.
Passive
The rules must be followed by students.
Perhatikan:
must + V1
berubah menjadi:
must + be + V3
Contoh
You should clean the room.
→ The room should be cleaned by you.
They can use the computer.
→ The computer can be used by them.
We must protect the environment.
→ The environment must be protected by us.
Passive Voice dengan Question Words
Passive Voice juga dapat digunakan dalam pertanyaan.
Active
Who cleaned the classroom?
Passive:
By whom was the classroom cleaned?
Namun, dalam bahasa Inggris modern, bentuk yang lebih alami juga dapat digunakan:
Who was the classroom cleaned by?
Untuk tingkat SMP, bentuk pertama dapat diperkenalkan sebagai bentuk formal.
Passive Voice dengan “People”
Active
People speak English in many countries.
Passive
English is spoken in many countries.
Kata people tidak harus ditulis sebagai:
English is spoken by people in many countries.
Kalimat tersebut secara tata bahasa mungkin, tetapi biasanya tidak diperlukan karena informasi “people” sudah umum.
Contoh Passive Voice dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari
Di sekolah
English is taught at school.
Bahasa Inggris diajarkan di sekolah.
The classroom is cleaned every morning.
Kelas dibersihkan setiap pagi.
The homework is checked by the teacher.
PR diperiksa oleh guru.
The students are asked to read the text.
Para siswa diminta membaca teks.
Di rumah
The dishes are washed every evening.
Piring dicuci setiap sore.
The food is prepared by my mother.
Makanan disiapkan oleh ibu saya.
The room is cleaned every day.
Kamar dibersihkan setiap hari.
Kesalahan yang Sering Terjadi
Kesalahan 1: Menggunakan V2
❌ The room is cleaned?
Untuk verb irregular:
❌ The book is wrote by John.
✅ The book is written by John.
Kesalahan 2: Lupa “to be”
❌ The room cleaned by Rina.
✅ The room is cleaned by Rina.
Kesalahan 3: Salah memilih to be
❌ The students is taught by the teacher.
✅ The students are taught by the teacher.
Karena students jamak.
Kesalahan 4: Salah menggunakan pronoun
❌ The room is cleaned by she.
✅ The room is cleaned by her.
Kesalahan 5: Salah menggunakan “being”
Active:
They are repairing the road.
❌ The road is repaired by them.
Jika ingin mempertahankan Present Continuous, harus:
✅ The road is being repaired by them.
Cara Cepat Mengenali Passive Voice
Gunakan pola:
TO BE + V3
Contoh:
- is cleaned
- are written
- was built
- were taken
- is being repaired
- has been completed
- will be opened
- must be followed
Jika menemukan pola tersebut, kemungkinan besar kalimat tersebut adalah Passive Voice.
Perbandingan Active dan Passive
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Rina cleans the room. | The room is cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina is cleaning the room. | The room is being cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina was cleaning the room. | The room was being cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina has cleaned the room. | The room has been cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina had cleaned the room. | The room had been cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina will clean the room. | The room will be cleaned by Rina. |
| Rina can clean the room. | The room can be cleaned by Rina. |
Latihan
A. Ubah Active Voice menjadi Passive Voice
- Rina cleans the classroom.
- They clean the windows.
- Mother cooks the food.
- The teacher explains the lesson.
- Andi opened the door.
- They built a new school.
- She is writing a letter.
- They are repairing the road.
- We have finished the project.
- They will clean the park.
- Students must obey the rules.
- You should protect the environment.
Jawaban dan Pembahasan
1.
Active:
Rina cleans the classroom.
Tense = Simple Present.
Passive:
The classroom is cleaned by Rina.
2.
The windows are cleaned by them.
Pembahasan:
windows = plural → are
clean → cleaned
3.
The food is cooked by Mother.
food dianggap singular/uncountable → is.
4.
The lesson is explained by the teacher.
explain → explained.
5.
The door was opened by Andi.
Simple Past → was/were + V3.
6.
A new school was built by them.
build → built.
7.
A letter is being written by her.
Present Continuous → is being + V3.
8.
The road is being repaired by them.
Present Continuous → is being repaired.
9.
The project has been finished by us.
Present Perfect → has/have been + V3.
10.
The park will be cleaned by them.
Future → will be + V3.
11.
The rules must be obeyed by students.
Modal → must be + V3.
12.
The environment should be protected by you.
Modal should → should be + V3.
Kesimpulan
Passive Voice digunakan ketika kita ingin menekankan orang atau benda yang menerima tindakan.
Pola paling penting:
Subject + TO BE + V3
Hal yang harus diperhatikan:
- Tentukan tense terlebih dahulu.
- Object pada Active Voice menjadi Subject pada Passive Voice.
- Sesuaikan to be dengan tense dan subject.
- Gunakan V3.
- Gunakan by + pelaku jika pelaku penting atau perlu disebutkan.
- Tidak semua verb dapat dibuat Passive Voice; umumnya diperlukan transitive verb.
Rumus inti yang perlu diingat
Simple Present: is/am/are + V3
Simple Past: was/were + V3
Continuous: being + V3
Perfect: been + V3
Future: will be + V3
Modal: modal + be + V3
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