Apa Itu To Be dalam Bahasa Inggris? Pengertian, Fungsi, Rumus, dan Cara Menggunakan Am, Is, Are, Was, dan Were
7. BEEN + V-ING
Ini sangat penting.
Been + V-ing digunakan dalam Present Perfect Continuous.
Rumus:
S + have/has + been + V-ing
Contoh:
I have been studying English.
Saya sudah belajar bahasa Inggris.
She has been reading a book.
Dia sudah membaca sebuah buku.
He has been working all day.
Dia sudah bekerja sepanjang hari.
They have been playing football.
Mereka sudah bermain sepak bola.
8. BEEN dalam Past Perfect
Been juga digunakan dalam Past Perfect.
Rumus:
S + had + been + complement
Had digunakan untuk semua subject.
Contoh:
I had been tired.
Saya sudah lelah.
She had been sick.
Dia sudah sakit.
They had been happy.
Mereka sudah bahagia.
We had been at school.
Kami sudah berada di sekolah.
Contoh dalam cerita:
She had been sick before she went to the doctor.
Artinya:
Dia sudah sakit sebelum dia pergi ke dokter.
9. BEEN dalam Past Perfect Continuous
Rumus:
S + had + been + V-ing
Contoh:
I had been studying for two hours.
Saya telah belajar selama dua jam.
She had been waiting for an hour.
Dia telah menunggu selama satu jam.
They had been playing football before it rained.
Mereka telah bermain sepak bola sebelum hujan turun.
10. BEEN dalam Passive Voice
Been juga sangat penting dalam kalimat passive voice.
Present Perfect Passive
Rumus:
S + have/has + been + V3
Contoh:
The homework has been finished.
Pekerjaan rumah itu telah diselesaikan.
The room has been cleaned.
Ruangan itu telah dibersihkan.
The books have been arranged.
Buku-buku itu telah disusun.
11. BEEN dalam Present Perfect Passive Continuous
Bentuk yang lebih kompleks:
have/has + been + being + V3
Contoh:
The house has been being repaired.
Artinya:
Rumah itu telah sedang diperbaiki.
Namun, bentuk ini jarang digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari karena terdengar rumit. Untuk siswa SMP, lebih baik fokus pada:
has/have + been + V3
Contoh:
The classroom has been cleaned.
Kelas tersebut telah dibersihkan.
12. Perbedaan BE, BEEN, dan BEING
Ini sering membingungkan.
| Bentuk | Contoh | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| be | I want to be a teacher. | Saya ingin menjadi guru. |
| been | I have been a teacher. | Saya telah menjadi guru. |
| being | He is being careful. | Dia sedang bersikap hati-hati. |
BE
Bentuk dasar:
I want to be a teacher.
Saya ingin menjadi guru.
BEEN
Bentuk V3:
I have been a teacher for five years.
Saya telah menjadi guru selama lima tahun.
BEING
Bentuk V-ing:
He is being careful.
Dia sedang bersikap hati-hati.
13. Perbedaan WAS, WERE, dan BEEN
WAS
Digunakan untuk kejadian/keadaan masa lalu.
She was sick yesterday.
Dia sakit kemarin.
WERE
Digunakan untuk subject tertentu di masa lalu.
They were tired yesterday.
Mereka lelah kemarin.
BEEN
Merupakan V3 dan biasanya muncul setelah have, has, atau had.
She has been sick.
Dia sudah mengalami keadaan sakit.
They have been tired.
Mereka sudah mengalami keadaan lelah.
14. Bentuk Negatif BEEN
Tambahkan not setelah have/has/had.
Present Perfect
S + have/has + not + been + complement
Contoh:
I have not been busy.
Saya belum sibuk.
She has not been sick.
Dia belum/sudah tidak mengalami sakit.
They have not been here.
Mereka belum pernah/berada di sini.
Bentuk singkat:
- have not → haven’t
- has not → hasn’t
- had not → hadn’t
Contoh:
She hasn’t been here.
Dia belum berada di sini.
15. Pertanyaan dengan BEEN
Rumus:
Have/Has + subject + been + complement?
Contoh:
Have you been busy?
Apakah kamu sudah sibuk?
Has she been sick?
Apakah dia sudah sakit?
Have they been here?
Apakah mereka pernah berada di sini?
Jawaban:
Yes, I have.
Ya.
No, I haven’t.
Tidak.
Yes, she has.
Ya.
No, she hasn’t.
Tidak.
16. BEEN dengan FOR dan SINCE
Been sering digunakan bersama for dan since.
FOR = selama
I have been a teacher for five years.
Saya telah menjadi guru selama lima tahun.
She has been here for two hours.
Dia telah berada di sini selama dua jam.
SINCE = sejak
I have been a teacher since 2021.
Saya telah menjadi guru sejak tahun 2021.
She has been here since Monday.
Dia telah berada di sini sejak hari Senin.
17. Ringkasan Pola BEEN
| Struktur | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | have/has + been | She has been sick. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have/has + been + V-ing | She has been studying. |
| Past Perfect | had + been | She had been sick. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had + been + V-ing | She had been studying. |
| Perfect Passive | have/has + been + V3 | The room has been cleaned. |
L. JAWABAN YES/NO
Is he a student?
Yes, he is.
Ya, dia seorang siswa.
No, he isn’t.
Tidak, dia bukan seorang siswa.
Are you ready?
Yes, I am.
Ya, saya siap.
No, I’m not.
Tidak, saya tidak siap.
Are they students?
Yes, they are.
Ya, mereka siswa.
No, they aren’t.
Tidak, mereka bukan siswa.
M. PERTANYAAN DENGAN WAS/WERE
Rumus:
Was/Were + Subject + complement?
Contoh:
Was he sick yesterday?
Apakah dia sakit kemarin?
Was she at home?
Apakah dia berada di rumah?
Were you tired?
Apakah kamu lelah?
Were they at school?
Apakah mereka berada di sekolah?
Jawaban:
Yes, he was.
Ya, dia sakit.
No, he wasn’t.
Tidak, dia tidak sakit.
Yes, they were.
Ya, mereka berada di sana.
No, they weren’t.
Tidak, mereka tidak berada di sana.
N. TO BE DALAM WH-QUESTION
To be juga digunakan dalam pertanyaan menggunakan:
- What = apa
- Who = siapa
- Where = di mana
- When = kapan
- Why = mengapa
- How = bagaimana
Contoh:
What is your name?
Siapa namamu?
Where are you?
Di mana kamu?
Who is he?
Siapa dia?
How are you?
Apa kabar?
Why are you angry?
Mengapa kamu marah?
Where was she yesterday?
Di mana dia kemarin?
Why were they late?
Mengapa mereka terlambat?
O. PERBEDAAN AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE
Perhatikan contoh berikut:
Present
I am happy.
Saya bahagia.
She is happy.
Dia bahagia.
They are happy.
Mereka bahagia.
Past
I was happy.
Saya bahagia pada waktu itu.
She was happy.
Dia bahagia pada waktu itu.
They were happy.
Mereka bahagia pada waktu itu.
Perbedaannya terletak pada subject dan waktu kejadian.
P. KESALAHAN YANG SERING TERJADI
1. Salah:
❌ I is a student.
Benar:
✅ I am a student.
2. Salah:
❌ He are happy.
Benar:
✅ He is happy.
3. Salah:
❌ They is students.
Benar:
✅ They are students.
4. Salah:
❌ I were tired yesterday.
Benar:
✅ I was tired yesterday.
5. Salah:
❌ They was at school.
Benar:
✅ They were at school.
6. Salah:
❌ She are beautiful.
Benar:
✅ She is beautiful.
Q. RANGKUMAN CEPAT
PRESENT
| Subject | To Be |
|---|---|
| I | am |
| He | is |
| She | is |
| It | is |
| You | are |
| We | are |
| They | are |
PAST
| Subject | To Be |
|---|---|
| I | was |
| He | was |
| She | was |
| It | was |
| You | were |
| We | were |
| They | were |
Rumus utama:
Positif:
S + to be + complement.
Negatif:
S + to be + not + complement.
Pertanyaan:
To be + S + complement?
R. LATIHAN
A. Isilah dengan AM, IS, atau ARE!
- I ___ a student.
- She ___ beautiful.
- They ___ my friends.
- He ___ very smart.
- We ___ in the classroom.
- You ___ kind.
- It ___ a big house.
- I ___ ready.
- My father ___ a teacher.
- The students ___ happy.
Jawaban:
- am
- is
- are
- is
- are
- are
- is
- am
- is
- are
S. LATIHAN WAS/WERE
Isilah dengan WAS atau WERE!
- I ___ at home yesterday.
- She ___ sick last week.
- They ___ at school.
- We ___ very tired.
- He ___ happy yesterday.
- You ___ late.
- It ___ cold last night.
- I ___ busy yesterday.
- The students ___ in the classroom.
- My parents ___ at home.
Jawaban:
- was
- was
- were
- were
- was
- were
- was
- was
- were
- were
T. LATIHAN MENGUBAH KALIMAT
Ubahlah menjadi bentuk negative dan interrogative.
Contoh:
She is happy.
Negative:
She is not happy.
Interrogative:
Is she happy?
Soal:
- He is a student.
- They are tired.
- I am ready.
- She was sick.
- We were late.
Jawaban:
1. He is a student.
Negative: He is not a student.
Artinya: Dia bukan seorang siswa.
Interrogative: Is he a student?
Artinya: Apakah dia seorang siswa?
2. They are tired.
Negative: They are not tired.
Artinya: Mereka tidak lelah.
Interrogative: Are they tired?
Artinya: Apakah mereka lelah?
3. I am ready.
Negative: I am not ready.
Artinya: Saya belum siap.
Interrogative: Am I ready?
Artinya: Apakah saya siap?
4. She was sick.
Negative: She was not sick.
Artinya: Dia tidak sakit.
Interrogative: Was she sick?
Artinya: Apakah dia sakit?
5. We were late.
Negative: We were not late.
Artinya: Kami tidak terlambat.
Interrogative: Were we late?
Artinya: Apakah kami terlambat?
U. INTI YANG HARUS DIKUASAI SISWA
AM → I
I am a student.
IS → He, She, It
She is a student.
ARE → You, We, They
They are students.
WAS → I, He, She, It
He was a student.
WERE → You, We, They
They were students.
Kunci paling mudah:
I AM
HE/SHE/IT IS
YOU/WE/THEY ARE
I/HE/SHE/IT WAS
YOU/WE/THEY WERE
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