HAVE, HAS, HAD: Pengertian, Fungsi, Perbedaan, dan Cara Penggunaannya dalam Bahasa Inggris
Present Perfect
have/has + V3
Past Perfect
had + V3
Contoh:
I have finished my homework.
Saya sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.
She has finished her homework.
Dia sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.
They had finished their homework before the teacher came.
Mereka sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah mereka sebelum guru datang.
13. HAVE + V3
Digunakan untuk:
I, You, We, They
Rumus:
Subject + have + V3
Contoh:
I have eaten breakfast.
Saya sudah sarapan.
We have finished the work.
Kami sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu.
They have visited Bali.
Mereka sudah mengunjungi Bali.
14. HAS + V3
Digunakan untuk:
He, She, It
Rumus:
Subject + has + V3
Contoh:
She has eaten breakfast.
Dia sudah sarapan.
He has finished his homework.
Dia sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.
The cat has eaten the fish.
Kucing itu sudah memakan ikan.
15. HAD + V3
Had digunakan untuk semua subject dalam Past Perfect.
Rumus:
Subject + had + V3
Contoh:
I had eaten before I went to school.
Saya sudah makan sebelum pergi ke sekolah.
She had finished her homework before dinner.
Dia sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya sebelum makan malam.
They had left before I arrived.
Mereka sudah pergi sebelum saya tiba.
16. HAVE/HAS VS HAD
Perhatikan perbedaannya.
Present:
I have a bicycle.
Saya mempunyai sepeda.
Past:
I had a bicycle.
Saya dahulu mempunyai sepeda.
Present:
She has a cat.
Dia mempunyai kucing.
Past:
She had a cat.
Dia dahulu mempunyai kucing.
17. HAVE/HAS + V3 VS HAD + V3
Present Perfect
She has eaten.
Dia sudah makan.
Past Perfect
She had eaten before I arrived.
Dia sudah makan sebelum saya tiba.
Perbedaan utamanya:
has/have + V3 → kejadian sudah terjadi dan berkaitan dengan waktu sekarang.
had + V3 → kejadian sudah terjadi sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.
18. HAVE / HAS / HAD DALAM BENTUK NEGATIF PERFECT
Present Perfect
Have not:
I have not finished my homework.
Saya belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.
Singkatan:
I haven’t finished my homework.
Has not:
She has not finished her homework.
Dia belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.
Singkatan:
She hasn’t finished her homework.
Past Perfect
Subject + had not + V3
Contoh:
I had not eaten before school.
Saya belum makan sebelum sekolah.
Singkatan:
I hadn’t eaten before school.
19. HAVE / HAS / HAD DALAM KALIMAT TANYA PERFECT
Have
Have + I/you/we/they + V3?
Contoh:
Have you finished your homework?
Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu?
Has
Has + he/she/it + V3?
Contoh:
Has she finished her homework?
Apakah dia sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya?
Had
Had + subject + V3?
Contoh:
Had they left before you arrived?
Apakah mereka sudah pergi sebelum kamu tiba?
20. PERBANDINGAN LENGKAP
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Memiliki – present | S + have/has + O | She has a car. |
| Memiliki – past | S + had + O | She had a car. |
| Present Perfect | S + have/has + V3 | She has eaten. |
| Past Perfect | S + had + V3 | She had eaten. |
21. KESALAHAN YANG SERING TERJADI
Kesalahan 1
❌ She have a book.
✅ She has a book.
Karena she → has.
Kesalahan 2
❌ They has a car.
✅ They have a car.
Karena they → have.
Kesalahan 3
❌ She doesn’t has a bag.
✅ She doesn’t have a bag.
Setelah doesn’t, gunakan have.
Kesalahan 4
❌ He didn’t had a bicycle.
✅ He didn’t have a bicycle.
Setelah didn’t, gunakan have.
Kesalahan 5
❌ She has eat breakfast.
✅ She has eaten breakfast.
Setelah has dalam Present Perfect harus menggunakan V3.
Kesalahan 6
❌ They have went home.
Untuk kata kerja go, V3-nya adalah gone.
✅ They have gone home.
22. CARA MUDAH MENGINGAT
Gunakan pola sederhana:
PRESENT
I / You / We / They → HAVE
He / She / It → HAS
PAST
SEMUA SUBJECT → HAD
PERFECT
Present Perfect:
Have/Has + V3
Past Perfect:
Had + V3
Contoh paling mudah:
I have a book.
Saya mempunyai buku.
She has a book.
Dia mempunyai buku.
They had a book.
Mereka dahulu mempunyai buku.
I have eaten.
Saya sudah makan.
She has eaten.
Dia sudah makan.
They had eaten.
Mereka sudah makan sebelumnya.
Kunci utama: jangan hanya menghafal have = punya, has = punya, had = punya. Perhatikan subject, waktu, dan apakah have/has/had berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama atau auxiliary verb.
Post Comment