DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Materi Lengkap dan Pembahasan Lengkap

A. Pengertian Direct Speech

Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang menyampaikan perkataan seseorang secara langsung, persis seperti yang diucapkan oleh orang tersebut.
Dalam Direct Speech, ucapan asli biasanya ditulis di dalam quotation marks (“…”) atau tanda petik.

Contoh:

Rina said, “I am happy.”

Artinya:

Rina berkata, “Saya senang.”

Bagian “I am happy” merupakan perkataan asli Rina.

Ciri-ciri Direct Speech

1. Menggunakan tanda petik “…”.
2. Menggunakan perkataan asli pembicara.
3. Biasanya terdapat reporting verb seperti:
   • said = berkata
   • told = memberitahu
   • asked = bertanya
   • answered = menjawab
   • explained = menjelaskan
4. Huruf pertama dalam kutipan biasanya menggunakan huruf kapital.

B. Pengertian Indirect Speech

Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang menyampaikan kembali perkataan seseorang tanpa mengutip kata-kata persis dari pembicara.
Indirect Speech juga disebut Reported Speech.

Contoh:

Direct:

Rina said, “I am happy.”

Indirect:

Rina said that she was happy.

Artinya:

Rina berkata bahwa dia senang.

Perhatikan perubahan:
I → she
am → was

C. Perbedaan Direct dan Indirect Speech

Contoh:

Direct:

Andi said, “I study English.”

Indirect:

Andi said that he studied English.

Artinya:
Andi berkata bahwa dia belajar bahasa Inggris.

D. Bagian-Bagian Direct Speech

Perhatikan:

Budi said, “I am tired.”

Ada dua bagian:

1. Reporting Speech

Budi said

Artinya:

Budi berkata.

2. Reported Speech

“I am tired.”

Artinya:

“Saya lelah.”

E. Reporting Verb

Reporting verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk melaporkan perkataan seseorang.
Beberapa reporting verb yang umum:

F. Perbedaan SAY dan TELL

Ini merupakan bagian yang sangat penting.

1. SAY

Say biasanya digunakan tanpa objek orang secara langsung.

Rina said, “I am tired.”

Indirect:

Rina said that she was tired.

2. TELL

Tell biasanya diikuti objek berupa orang.

Rina told me, “I am tired.”

Indirect:

Rina told me that she was tired.

Pola:

say + that + sentence

He said that he was busy.

tell + object + that + sentence

He told me that he was busy.

G. Perubahan Pronoun

Ketika Direct Speech diubah menjadi Indirect Speech, pronoun/kata ganti dapat berubah sesuai dengan siapa yang berbicara dan kepada siapa perkataan ditujukan.

Contoh:

Rina said, “I am happy.”

I → she

Rina said that she was happy.

Karena yang berbicara adalah Rina.

Contoh lainnya:

Budi said, “I like football.”

→

Budi said that he liked football.

I → he

Tabel Perubahan Pronoun

Contoh:

Sinta said, “My book is new.”

→

Sinta said that her book was new.

my → her

H. Perubahan Tense

Jika reporting verb menggunakan past tense, misalnya:

• said
• told
• asked

maka tense dalam reported speech umumnya mundur satu tingkat (backshift).

1. Simple Present → Simple Past

Direct:

Andi said, “I play football.”

Indirect:

Andi said that he played football.

play → played

2. Present Continuous → Past Continuous

Direct:

Rina said, “I am studying.”

Indirect:

Rina said that she was studying.

am studying → was studying

3. Present Perfect → Past Perfect

Direct:

Budi said, “I have finished my homework.”

Indirect:

Budi said that he had finished his homework.

have finished → had finished

4. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

Direct:

Sinta said, “I have been studying for two hours.”

Indirect:

Sinta said that she had been studying for two hours.

5. Simple Past → Past Perfect

Direct:

Andi said, “I visited Bali.”

Indirect:

Andi said that he had visited Bali.

visited → had visited

6. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

Direct:

Rina said, “I was reading a book.”

Indirect:

Rina said that she had been reading a book.

7. Past Perfect → Past Perfect

Past Perfect biasanya tidak berubah.

Direct:

He said, “I had finished the work.”

Indirect:

He said that he had finished the work.

8. Simple Future → Would

Direct:

Budi said, “I will help you.”

Indirect:

Budi said that he would help me.

will → would

9. Future Continuous → Would Be + V-ing

Direct:

She said, “I will be studying tonight.”

Indirect:

She said that she would be studying that night.

10. Future Perfect → Would Have + V3

Direct:

He said, “I will have finished the work.”

Indirect:

He said that he would have finished the work.

I. Tabel Perubahan Tense Lengkap

J. Perubahan To Be

Present

Contoh:

She said, “I am busy.”

→

She said that she was busy.

Past

Contoh:

He said, “I was sick.”

→

He said that he had been sick.

K. Perubahan Modal Verb

Beberapa modal juga mengalami perubahan.

* must → had to terutama jika menunjukkan kewajiban pada masa lampau.

Contoh:

Rina said, “I can swim.”

→

Rina said that she could swim.

L. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu

Keterangan waktu sering berubah ketika Direct Speech diubah menjadi Indirect Speech.

Contoh:

Andi said, “I will go tomorrow.”

→

Andi said that he would go the next day.

M. Perubahan Keterangan Tempat

Beberapa keterangan tempat juga dapat berubah.

Contoh:

She said, “I am here.”

→

She said that she was there.

N. Direct and Indirect Speech: Statement

Statement adalah kalimat pernyataan.

Pola Direct:

Subject + said, “Statement.”

Pola Indirect:

Subject + said + that + statement.

Contoh:

Direct:

Dika said, “I am hungry.”

Indirect:

Dika said that he was hungry.

Pembahasan:

• I → he
• am → was
• tanda petik dihilangkan
• ditambahkan that

O. Indirect Speech dengan TELL

Direct:

Mother said to me, “You are lazy.”

Indirect:

Mother told me that I was lazy.

Perubahan:
said to → told
you → I
are → was

P. Direct and Indirect Speech: Yes/No Question

Pertanyaan yang jawabannya Yes/No menggunakan:
if atau whether.

Direct:

Rina asked me, “Are you tired?”

Indirect:

Rina asked me if I was tired.

Artinya:

Rina bertanya kepadaku apakah aku lelah.

Perubahan penting:

Direct:

Are you tired?

Indirect:

if I was tired.

Tidak lagi menggunakan pola pertanyaan.
❌ Rina asked me if was I tired.
✅ Rina asked me if I was tired.

Q. Contoh Yes/No Question

1.

Direct:

He asked, “Do you like English?”

Indirect:

He asked if I liked English.

Pembahasan:

do you like → I liked

2.

Direct:

She asked, “Are you a student?”

Indirect:

She asked whether I was a student.

3.

Direct:

Budi asked me, “Can you swim?”

Indirect:

Budi asked me if I could swim.

R. Direct and Indirect Speech: WH-Question

WH-question menggunakan:

• What
• Where
• When
• Why
• Who
• Which
• How

Dalam Indirect Speech, kata tanya tetap digunakan.

Pola:

Subject + asked + object + WH-word + subject + verb

Contoh:

Direct:

Rina asked me, “Where do you live?”

Indirect:

Rina asked me where I lived.

Perhatikan:

❌ Rina asked me where did I live.
✅ Rina asked me where I lived.

S. Contoh WH-Question

1. What

Direct:

He asked me, “What do you want?”

Indirect:

He asked me what I wanted.

2. Where

Direct:

She asked, “Where does Budi live?”

Indirect:

She asked where Budi lived.

3. When

Direct:

Andi asked me, “When will you come?”

Indirect:

Andi asked me when I would come.

4. Why

Direct:

Mother asked me, “Why are you crying?”

Indirect:

Mother asked me why I was crying.

5. How

Direct:

The teacher asked, “How did you do it?”

Indirect:

The teacher asked how I had done it.

T. Direct and Indirect Speech: Command

Command atau perintah biasanya menggunakan:
tell + object + to + V1

Direct:

The teacher said to me, “Open your book.”

Indirect:

The teacher told me to open my book.

Artinya:

Guru menyuruh saya membuka buku.

U. Negative Command

Untuk perintah negatif:
tell + object + not to + V1

Direct:

Mother said to me, “Don’t go outside.”

Indirect:

Mother told me not to go outside.

Pola:

Don’t + V1 → not to + V1

V. Contoh Command Lain

1.

Father said to me, “Clean your room.”

→

Father told me to clean my room.

2.

The teacher said to the students, “Sit down.”

→

The teacher told the students to sit down.

3.

Mother said to me, “Don’t be late.”

→

Mother told me not to be late.

W. Request / Permintaan

Permintaan dapat menggunakan:

• ask
• request
• beg

Pola:

asked + object + to + V1

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