Direct & Indirect Speech: Pengertian, Fungsi, Jenis, Rumus, Contoh, dan Cara Menggunakannya

Direct:

Rina said to me, “Please help me.”

Indirect:

Rina asked me to help her.

X. Advice / Nasihat

Untuk nasihat dapat menggunakan:
advised + object + to + V1

Direct:

The doctor said to me, “Take a rest.”

Indirect:

The doctor advised me to take a rest.

Y. Invitation

Untuk mengajak seseorang, dapat menggunakan:
invite + object + to + V1

Direct:

Budi said to me, “Come to my party.”

Indirect:

Budi invited me to come to his party.

Z. Larangan

Larangan biasanya menggunakan:
forbid + object + to + V1
atau lebih mudah untuk tingkat SMP:
tell + object + not to + V1

Direct:

Father said, “Don’t touch it.”

Indirect:

Father told me not to touch it.

AA. Exclamation / Kalimat Seruan

Kalimat seruan dapat menggunakan:

• exclaimed
• exclaimed with joy
• exclaimed with surprise
• exclaimed with sorrow

Direct:

She said, “What a beautiful flower!”

Indirect:

She exclaimed that it was a beautiful flower.

AB. Perubahan Struktur Kalimat

Salah satu hal paling penting dalam Direct → Indirect Speech adalah:

Direct Question:

“Where do you live?”

Indirect Question:

where you lived.

Bukan:

❌ where did you live

Jadi, Indirect Question menggunakan susunan kalimat berita, bukan susunan pertanyaan.

AC. Rumus Lengkap

1. Statement

Direct:

S + said, “S + V.”

Indirect:

S + said + that + S + V.

2. Statement dengan Tell

Direct:

S + said to + O, “S + V.”

Indirect:

S + told + O + that + S + V.

3. Yes/No Question

Direct:

S + asked, “Auxiliary + S + V?”

Indirect:

S + asked + if/whether + S + V.

4. WH-Question

Direct:

S + asked, “WH + auxiliary + S + V?”

Indirect:

S + asked + WH + S + V.

5. Command

Direct:

S + said to O, “V1…”

Indirect:

S + told + O + to + V1.

6. Negative Command

Direct:

S + said to O, “Don’t + V1…”

Indirect:

S + told + O + not to + V1.

7. Request

Direct:

S + said to O, “Please + V1…”

Indirect:

S + asked + O + to + V1.

8. Advice

Direct:

S + said to O, “You should + V1…”

Indirect:

S + advised + O + to + V1.

AD. Kapan Tense Tidak Harus Berubah?

Backshift tidak selalu wajib.

1. Reporting Verb menggunakan Present

Direct:

Andi says, “I am tired.”

Indirect:

Andi says that he is tired.

Bukan:

❌ Andi says that he was tired.

2. Fakta Umum / General Truth

Jika isi perkataan merupakan fakta yang masih benar, tense dapat tetap dipertahankan.

Direct:

The teacher said, “The Earth is round.”

Indirect:

The teacher said that the Earth is round.

Karena Bumi berbentuk bulat merupakan fakta umum.

AE. Contoh Perubahan Lengkap

Contoh 1

Direct:

Sinta said, “I am studying English now.”

Indirect:

Sinta said that she was studying English then.

Pembahasan:

Contoh 2

Direct:

Budi said, “I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.”

Indirect:

Budi said that he would visit his grandmother the next day.

Pembahasan:

• I → he
• will → would
• my → his
• tomorrow → the next day

Contoh 3

Direct:

Rina asked me, “Do you like this book?”

Indirect:

Rina asked me if I liked that book.

Pembahasan:

• do you like → I liked
• this → that
• pertanyaan Yes/No → if

Contoh 4

Direct:

The teacher said to the students, “Don’t make noise.”

Indirect:

The teacher told the students not to make noise.

Pembahasan:

Don’t + V1 → not to + V1

AF. Langkah-Langkah Mengubah Direct ke Indirect Speech

Gunakan 6 langkah sederhana.

Langkah 1

Tentukan jenis kalimat:

• Statement
• Yes/No Question
• WH-Question
• Command
• Request
• Advice
• Exclamation

Langkah 2

Perhatikan reporting verb.
Contoh:

said → said that

said to → told/asked

Langkah 3

Hilangkan tanda petik.

“I am happy.”

menjadi bagian dari kalimat biasa.

Langkah 4

Sesuaikan pronoun.

I → he/she

my → his/her

Langkah 5

Periksa perubahan tense.

am → was

will → would

can → could

Langkah 6

Periksa keterangan waktu/tempat.

now → then

today → that day

tomorrow → the next day

here → there

AG. Kesalahan yang Sering Terjadi

Kesalahan 1

❌ He said that I was tired.
Jika yang berbicara adalah He:
✅ He said that he was tired.

Kesalahan 2

❌ She asked me where did I live.
✅ She asked me where I lived.

Kesalahan 3

❌ Mother told me don’t go.
✅ Mother told me not to go.

Kesalahan 4

❌ He said me that he was busy.
✅ He told me that he was busy.
atau:
✅ He said to me that he was busy.

Kesalahan 5

❌ She asked me do I like English.
✅ She asked me if I liked English.

AH. Latihan Soal

A. Ubah menjadi Indirect Speech!

1.

Rina said, “I am happy.”

2.

Budi said, “I play football every Sunday.”

3.

Andi said, “I will visit Jakarta tomorrow.”

4.

Sinta said, “I have finished my homework.”

5.

Mother said to me, “Clean your room.”

6.

The teacher said to the students, “Don’t make noise.”

7.

Rina asked me, “Do you like English?”

8.

Budi asked me, “Where do you live?”

9.

Father asked me, “Why are you late?”

10.

The teacher said, “The Earth moves around the Sun.”

AI. Kunci Jawaban dan Pembahasan

1.

Jawaban:

Rina said that she was happy.

Pembahasan:
I → she
am → was

2.

Jawaban:

Budi said that he played football every Sunday.

Pembahasan:
I → he
play → played

3.

Jawaban:

Andi said that he would visit Jakarta the next day.

Pembahasan:
I → he
will → would
tomorrow → the next day

4.

Jawaban:

Sinta said that she had finished her homework.

Pembahasan:
I → she
have finished → had finished
my → her

5.

Jawaban:

Mother told me to clean my room.

Pembahasan:
Command:
said to → told
V1 → to + V1
your → my

6.

Jawaban:

The teacher told the students not to make noise.

Pembahasan:
Negative command:
Don’t + V1 → not to + V1

7.

Jawaban:

Rina asked me if I liked English.

Pembahasan:
Yes/No question → if
do you like → I liked

8.

Jawaban:

Budi asked me where I lived.

Pembahasan:
WH-question menggunakan where.
do you live → I lived
Tidak menggunakan:
❌ where did I live

9.

Jawaban:

Father asked me why I was late.

Pembahasan:
why tetap digunakan.
are → was
you → I

10.

Jawaban:

The teacher said that the Earth moves around the Sun.

Pembahasan:
Kalimat tersebut merupakan general truth, sehingga moves dapat tetap digunakan.

AJ. Ringkasan Super Singkat

Untuk memudahkan siswa mengingat:

STATEMENT

said + that

He said that he was tired.

YES/NO QUESTION

asked + if/whether

He asked if I was tired.

WH-QUESTION

asked + WH + S + V

He asked where I lived.

COMMAND

told + object + to + V1

He told me to sit down.

NEGATIVE COMMAND

told + object + not to + V1

He told me not to sit down.

REQUEST

asked + object + to + V1

He asked me to help him.

ADVICE

advised + object + to + V1

He advised me to study hard.

AK. Tabel Hafalan Utama

Kesimpulan

Direct Speech = menyampaikan perkataan seseorang secara langsung/asli.

Rina said, “I am happy.”

Indirect Speech = menyampaikan kembali perkataan seseorang tanpa mengutip secara langsung.

Rina said that she was happy.

Hal terpenting yang perlu dikuasai siswa adalah 4 perubahan utama:
1. Pronoun → I menjadi he/she
2. Tense → am menjadi was, will menjadi would, dan sebagainya
3. Time/Place → now menjadi then, here menjadi there
4. Struktur kalimat → terutama pada question, command, dan request.

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