AUXILIARY VERBS

Do, Does, Did, Have, Has, Had

1. Pengertian Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja bantu yang digunakan bersama kata kerja utama (main verb) untuk membantu membentuk:

• kalimat tanya (interrogative)
• kalimat negatif (negative)
• penekanan (emphasis)
• bentuk waktu tertentu (tenses)
• bentuk perfect tense

Auxiliary verbs yang kita bahas:

Catatan penting: have, has, had dapat berfungsi sebagai auxiliary verb atau sebagai main verb yang berarti “mempunyai/memiliki”. Kita harus melihat penggunaannya dalam kalimat.

A. DO

1. Penggunaan DO

Do digunakan sebagai auxiliary verb dalam Simple Present Tense untuk:

1. kalimat negatif
2. kalimat tanya
3. memberikan penekanan

Subjek yang menggunakan DO

I, You, We, They

Contoh:

• I do not like coffee.
  = Saya tidak suka kopi.
• You do not understand me.
  = Kamu tidak memahami saya.
• We do not play football.
  = Kami tidak bermain sepak bola.
• They do not study English.
  = Mereka tidak belajar bahasa Inggris.

2. Rumus DO

Kalimat negatif

S + do + not + V1 + O

Contoh:

I do not like tea.
Saya tidak suka teh.

They do not play basketball.
Mereka tidak bermain basket.

Bentuk singkat:

do not = don’t

• I don’t like tea.
• They don’t play basketball.

3. DO dalam kalimat tanya

Rumus:

Do + S + V1 + O?

Contoh:

Do you like English?
Apakah kamu suka bahasa Inggris?

Do they play football?
Apakah mereka bermain sepak bola?

Do we need this book?
Apakah kita membutuhkan buku ini?

Jawaban singkat:

Yes, + S + do.

No, + S + don’t.

Contoh:

Do you like English?

• Yes, I do.
• No, I don’t.

B. DOES

1. Penggunaan DOES

Does digunakan dalam Simple Present Tense untuk subjek:

He, She, It

Contoh:

• He does not like coffee.
• She does not play tennis.
• It does not work.

2. Rumus DOES

Kalimat negatif

S + does + not + V1 + O

Contoh:

He does not like coffee.
Dia tidak suka kopi.

She does not study English.
Dia tidak belajar bahasa Inggris.

Rina does not play badminton.
Rina tidak bermain bulu tangkis.

Bentuk singkat:

does not = doesn’t

Contoh:

He doesn’t like coffee.

She doesn’t study English.

3. DOES dalam kalimat tanya

Rumus:

Does + S + V1 + O?

Contoh:

Does he like English?
Apakah dia suka bahasa Inggris?

Does she live in Jakarta?
Apakah dia tinggal di Jakarta?

Does Rina play badminton?
Apakah Rina bermain bulu tangkis?

Jawaban:

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn’t.

C. PERBEDAAN DO DAN DOES

Contoh:

I → do

I don’t like milk.

They → do

They don’t study at night.

He → does

He doesn’t like milk.

She → does

She doesn’t study at night.

D. ATURAN PENTING: DOES + V1

Ketika sudah menggunakan does, kata kerja utama harus kembali ke V1.

Salah:

❌ She doesn’t likes coffee.

Benar:

✅ She doesn’t like coffee.

Mengapa?

Karena tanda -s/-es sudah ditunjukkan oleh does.

Perhatikan:

She likes coffee.

Tetapi:

She doesn’t like coffee.

Bukan:

❌ She doesn’t likes coffee.

E. DID

1. Penggunaan DID

Did digunakan sebagai auxiliary verb untuk Simple Past Tense.

Did dapat digunakan untuk semua subject:

• I
• You
• We
• They
• He
• She
• It

Jadi berbeda dengan do/does.

2. DID dalam kalimat negatif

Rumus:

S + did + not + V1 + O

Contoh:

I did not go to school yesterday.
Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah kemarin.

She did not study last night.
Dia tidak belajar tadi malam.

They did not play football.
Mereka tidak bermain sepak bola.

Bentuk singkat:

did not = didn’t

Contoh:

I didn’t go to school.

She didn’t study last night.

They didn’t play football.

3. DID dalam kalimat tanya

Rumus:

Did + S + V1 + O?

Contoh:

Did you go to school yesterday?
Apakah kamu pergi ke sekolah kemarin?

Did she study last night?
Apakah dia belajar tadi malam?

Did they play football?
Apakah mereka bermain sepak bola?

Jawaban singkat:

Yes, + S + did.

No, + S + didn’t.

Contoh:

Did you go to school yesterday?

Yes, I did.

atau

No, I didn’t.

F. ATURAN PENTING: DID + V1

Setelah did, kata kerja utama harus menggunakan V1.

Salah:

❌ Did you went to school?

Benar:

✅ Did you go to school?

Karena did sudah menunjukkan waktu lampau.

Contoh lainnya:

❌ Did she studied English?

✅ Did she study English?

❌ They didn’t played football.

✅ They didn’t play football.

❌ He didn’t went home.

✅ He didn’t go home.

G. DO, DOES, DAN DID

Perhatikan perbandingan berikut:

Contoh:

Present:

Do you play football?

Present:

Does he play football?

Past:

Did he play football?

Perhatikan bahwa:

does + play

bukan:

❌ does + plays

Dan:

did + play

bukan:

❌ did + played

H. HAVE

Sekarang kita masuk ke have, has, had.

Have dapat menjadi:

1. main verb = mempunyai/memiliki
2. auxiliary verb = kata kerja bantu untuk Perfect Tense

1. HAVE sebagai Auxiliary Verb

Have digunakan dalam Present Perfect Tense untuk:

• I
• You
• We
• They

Rumus:

S + have + V3

Contoh:

I have finished my homework.
Saya telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

They have visited Bali.
Mereka telah mengunjungi Bali.

We have studied this lesson.
Kami telah mempelajari pelajaran ini.

2. HAVE dalam kalimat negatif

Rumus:

S + have + not + V3

Contoh:

I have not finished my homework.
Saya belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

They have not arrived.
Mereka belum tiba.

Bentuk singkat:

have not = haven’t

I haven’t finished my homework.

They haven’t arrived.

3. HAVE dalam kalimat tanya

Rumus:

Have + S + V3?

Contoh:

Have you finished your homework?
Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu?

Have they arrived?
Apakah mereka sudah tiba?

Jawaban:

Yes, I have.

atau:

No, I haven’t.

I. HAS

1. Penggunaan HAS

Has digunakan sebagai auxiliary dalam Present Perfect Tense untuk:

• He
• She
• It

Rumus:

S + has + V3

Contoh:

He has finished his homework.
Dia telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.

She has gone to school.
Dia telah pergi ke sekolah.

Rina has studied English.
Rina telah belajar bahasa Inggris.

2. HAS dalam kalimat negatif

Rumus:

S + has + not + V3

Contoh:

He has not finished his homework.

= Dia belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.

Bentuk singkat:

has not = hasn’t

He hasn’t finished his homework.

She hasn’t arrived yet.

3. HAS dalam kalimat tanya

Rumus:

Has + S + V3?

Contoh:

Has he finished his homework?
Apakah dia sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya?

Has she arrived?
Apakah dia sudah tiba?

Jawaban:

Yes, he has.

atau:

No, he hasn’t.

J. PERBEDAAN HAVE DAN HAS

Contoh:

I have eaten breakfast.

They have eaten breakfast.

Tetapi:

He has eaten breakfast.

She has eaten breakfast.

K. HAD

1. Penggunaan HAD sebagai Auxiliary

Had digunakan dalam Past Perfect Tense.

Berbeda dengan has/have, had dapat digunakan untuk semua subject.

Rumus:

S + had + V3

Contoh:

I had finished my homework.
Saya telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

She had left before I arrived.
Dia telah pergi sebelum saya tiba.

They had eaten before the teacher came.
Mereka sudah makan sebelum guru datang.

2. HAD dalam kalimat negatif

Rumus:

S + had + not + V3

Contoh:

I had not finished my homework.

= Saya belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

Bentuk singkat:

had not = hadn’t

I hadn’t finished my homework.

She hadn’t arrived when I called her.

3. HAD dalam kalimat tanya

Rumus:

Had + S + V3?

Contoh:

Had you finished your homework?

= Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu?

Had she arrived before you left?

= Apakah dia sudah tiba sebelum kamu pergi?

Jawaban:

Yes, I had.

atau:

No, I hadn’t.

L. PERBANDINGAN HAVE, HAS, DAN HAD

Contoh:

Have

They have eaten.

Has

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