Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Pengertian, Fungsi, Rumus, Contoh, dan Cara Menggunakannya
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1. Pengertian
Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sudah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi di masa lalu.
Rumus sederhananya:
had been + V-ing
Contoh:
I had been studying for two hours before my friend came.
Artinya: Saya sudah belajar selama dua jam sebelum teman saya datang.
Kegiatan pertama: studying → sudah berlangsung 2 jam.
Kegiatan kedua: friend came → terjadi setelahnya.
2. Fungsi Past Perfect Continuous
A. Menunjukkan kegiatan yang berlangsung sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu
She had been cooking for an hour before her mother arrived.
Artinya: Dia sudah memasak selama satu jam sebelum ibunya tiba.
They had been playing football before it started to rain.
Artinya: Mereka sudah bermain sepak bola sebelum hujan mulai turun.
B. Menunjukkan durasi kegiatan di masa lalu
Biasanya menggunakan for atau since.
He had been studying for three hours.
Artinya: Dia sudah belajar selama tiga jam.
We had been waiting since 7 a.m.
Artinya: Kami sudah menunggu sejak pukul 7 pagi.
Perbedaan:
- for = selama → menunjukkan durasi
- since = sejak → menunjukkan titik awal
Contoh:
for two hours = selama dua jam
for five days = selama lima hari
since Monday = sejak hari Senin
since 2020 = sejak tahun 2020
3. Rumus Past Perfect Continuous
A. Positive Sentence (+)
Rumus:
Subject + had been + V-ing + Object/Complement
Semua subject menggunakan had been.
| Subject | Rumus |
|---|---|
| I | had been + V-ing |
| You | had been + V-ing |
| We | had been + V-ing |
| They | had been + V-ing |
| He | had been + V-ing |
| She | had been + V-ing |
| It | had been + V-ing |
Examples:
I had been studying for two hours.
Artinya: Saya sudah belajar selama dua jam.
She had been working all day.
Artinya: Dia sudah bekerja sepanjang hari.
They had been playing football for three hours.
Artinya: Mereka sudah bermain sepak bola selama tiga jam.
He had been waiting for his friend.
Artinya: Dia sudah menunggu temannya.
4. Negative Sentence (-)
Rumus:
Subject + had not been + V-ing + Object/Complement
had not = hadn’t
Examples:
I had not been sleeping.
Artinya: Saya tidak sedang tidur / Saya belum tidur.
She had not been studying for two hours.
Artinya: Dia belum belajar selama dua jam.
They had not been working all day.
Artinya: Mereka tidak bekerja sepanjang hari.
Bentuk singkat:
I hadn’t been studying.
Artinya: Saya belum belajar.
He hadn’t been sleeping.
Artinya: Dia belum tidur.
5. Interrogative Sentence (?)
Rumus:
Had + Subject + been + V-ing + Object/Complement?
Examples:
Had you been studying for two hours?
Artinya: Apakah kamu sudah belajar selama dua jam?
Had she been working all day?
Artinya: Apakah dia sudah bekerja sepanjang hari?
Had they been playing football?
Artinya: Apakah mereka sudah bermain sepak bola?
6. Short Answer
Yes
Had you been studying?
→ Yes, I had.
Artinya: Ya.
Had she been cooking?
→ Yes, she had.
Artinya: Ya.
No
Had you been studying?
→ No, I hadn’t.
Artinya: Tidak.
Had they been playing football?
→ No, they hadn’t.
Artinya: Tidak.
7. WH-Question
Past Perfect Continuous juga dapat digunakan dengan:
What, Where, Why, How long, Who, dan sebagainya.
Rumus:
WH-word + had + Subject + been + V-ing…?
Examples:
What had you been doing?
Artinya: Apa yang sudah kamu lakukan?
Where had she been working?
Artinya: Di mana dia sudah bekerja?
Why had they been waiting?
Artinya: Mengapa mereka sudah menunggu?
Yang paling sering digunakan:
How long had you been studying?
Artinya: Sudah berapa lama kamu belajar?
How long had he been working there?
Artinya: Sudah berapa lama dia bekerja di sana?
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