PAST PERFECT TENSE

Pengertian Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sudah selesai terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi di masa lampau.

Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lalu:

• Kejadian yang terjadi lebih dahulu → Past Perfect
• Kejadian yang terjadi setelahnya → Simple Past

Contoh:

I had eaten breakfast before I went to school.
Saya sudah sarapan sebelum saya pergi ke sekolah.

Urutannya:

1. Had eaten → sarapan terlebih dahulu.
2. Went → pergi ke sekolah setelah itu.

Rumus Past Perfect Tense

Kalimat Verbal

Positive

(+) Positive

Subject + had + V3 + Object

Contoh:

I had finished my homework.
Saya sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

She had visited Bali.
Dia sudah mengunjungi Bali.

They had cleaned the classroom.
Mereka sudah membersihkan kelas.

Catatan: Semua subject menggunakan had.

I → had
You → had
We → had
They → had
He → had
She → had
It → had

Kalimat Negatif

Subject + had + not + V3 + Object

Bentuk singkat:

had not = hadn’t

Contoh:

I had not finished my homework.
Saya belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

She hadn’t eaten breakfast.
Dia belum sarapan.

They hadn’t arrived at school.
Mereka belum tiba di sekolah.

Kalimat Interrogative / Tanya

Had + Subject + V3 + Object?

Contoh:

Had you finished your homework?
Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu?

Had she eaten breakfast?
Apakah dia sudah sarapan?

Had they arrived at school?
Apakah mereka sudah tiba di sekolah?

Jawaban:

Yes, I had.
Ya, sudah.

No, I hadn’t.
Tidak, belum.

Past Perfect dengan Dua Kejadian

Pola yang sangat sering digunakan:

Past Perfect + before + Simple Past

Contoh:

I had finished my homework before I watched television.
Saya sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah sebelum saya menonton televisi.

Past Perfect + after + Simple Past

Contoh:

After I had finished my homework, I watched television.
Setelah saya menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah, saya menonton televisi.

Perhatikan bahwa kejadian yang lebih dahulu menggunakan Past Perfect.

Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect

Contoh 1

She had left before I arrived.
Dia sudah pergi sebelum saya tiba.

• had left → kejadian pertama
• arrived → kejadian kedua

Contoh 2

When I arrived at the station, the train had left.
Ketika saya tiba di stasiun, kereta sudah berangkat.

Contoh 3

They had eaten dinner before their father came home.
Mereka sudah makan malam sebelum ayah mereka pulang.

Contoh 4

We had studied English before the test started.
Kami sudah belajar bahasa Inggris sebelum ujian dimulai.

Contoh 5

Rina had cleaned her room before her friends came.
Rina sudah membersihkan kamarnya sebelum teman-temannya datang.

Kata Keterangan yang Sering Digunakan

Beberapa kata yang sering digunakan dengan Past Perfect:

Contoh:

I had already eaten when my mother came.
Saya sudah makan ketika ibu saya datang.

He had never seen snow before he went to Japan.
Dia belum pernah melihat salju sebelum pergi ke Jepang.

By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
Ketika kami tiba, film sudah dimulai.

Past Perfect dengan “Because”

Past Perfect juga dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan alasan suatu kejadian di masa lalu.

She was tired because she had worked all day.
Dia lelah karena dia telah bekerja sepanjang hari.

I was hungry because I had not eaten breakfast.
Saya lapar karena saya belum sarapan.

Past Perfect Nominal

Past Perfect juga dapat digunakan dengan to be.

Bentuknya:

Subject + had + been + Complement

Laman: 1 2