Past Perfect Tense: Pengertian, Fungsi, Rumus, Contoh, dan Cara Menggunakannya
Positive
I had been sick.
Saya sudah sakit.
She had been tired.
Dia sudah lelah.
They had been busy.
Mereka sudah sibuk.
Negative
Subject + had not + been + Complement
I had not been sick.
Saya tidak sedang sakit / Saya sebelumnya tidak sakit.
She hadn’t been tired.
Dia sebelumnya tidak lelah.
Interrogative
Had + Subject + been + Complement?
Had she been sick?
Apakah dia sebelumnya sakit?
Had they been busy?
Apakah mereka sebelumnya sibuk?
Perbedaan Past Perfect dan Simple Past
Simple Past
Digunakan untuk satu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu.
I went to school yesterday.
Saya pergi ke sekolah kemarin.
Past Perfect
Digunakan ketika ada dua kejadian di masa lalu, dan kita ingin menunjukkan kejadian mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu.
I had eaten breakfast before I went to school.
Saya sudah sarapan sebelum saya pergi ke sekolah.
Urutan:
Had eaten → went
Sarapan → pergi ke sekolah.
V3 yang Sering Digunakan
| V1 | V2 | V3 | Arti |
|---|---|---|---|
| eat | ate | eaten | makan |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| take | took | taken | mengambil |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |
| speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| do | did | done | melakukan |
| make | made | made | membuat |
| buy | bought | bought | membeli |
| come | came | come | datang |
| leave | left | left | meninggalkan/pergi |
| finish | finished | finished | menyelesaikan |
| clean | cleaned | cleaned | membersihkan |
| study | studied | studied | belajar |
Contoh Cerita Pendek
A Busy Morning
Rudi woke up at 6 a.m. He was late for school because he had forgotten to set his alarm. Before he left home, he had eaten breakfast and had prepared his school bag. When he arrived at school, the class had already started.
Artinya:
Rudi bangun pukul 6 pagi. Dia terlambat ke sekolah karena dia lupa memasang alarm. Sebelum meninggalkan rumah, dia sudah sarapan dan sudah menyiapkan tas sekolahnya. Ketika dia tiba di sekolah, pelajaran di kelas sudah dimulai.
Past Perfect dalam cerita:
- had forgotten → sudah lupa
- had eaten → sudah makan
- had prepared → sudah menyiapkan
- had already started → sudah dimulai
Pola Singkat yang Mudah Diingat
VERBAL
(+) S + HAD + V3
She had studied English.
(-) S + HAD NOT + V3
She had not studied English.
(?) HAD + S + V3?
Had she studied English?
NOMINAL
(+) S + HAD + BEEN + Complement
She had been tired.
(-) S + HAD NOT + BEEN + Complement
She had not been tired.
(?) HAD + S + BEEN + Complement?
Had she been tired?
Kunci utama:
PAST PERFECT = HAD + V3
Contoh:
had eaten, had gone, had studied, had written, had finished
Dan ingat: had berlaku untuk semua subject.
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