Apa Itu Question Words? Jenis, Fungsi, Contoh, dan Cara Penggunaannya dalam Bahasa Inggris

Why are you crying?
Mengapa kamu menangis?

HOW → cara/keadaan

How do you make it?
Bagaimana cara membuatnya?

8. QUESTION WORDS + TO BE

Untuk kalimat yang menggunakan am, is, are, was, were, pola umumnya:

Question Word + to be + Subject + …?

Contoh

Question	Arti
What is your name?	Siapa namamu?
Who is your teacher?	Siapa gurumu?
Where are you?	Kamu di mana?
When is your birthday?	Kapan ulang tahunmu?
Why are you angry?	Mengapa kamu marah?
How are you?	Apa kabar?

Past tense

Question	Arti
What was that?	Apa itu tadi?
Who was he?	Siapa dia tadi?
Where were you?	Kamu berada di mana?
Why were they late?	Mengapa mereka terlambat?
How was your holiday?	Bagaimana liburanmu?

9. QUESTION WORDS + DO/DOES

Untuk Simple Present dengan kata kerja biasa:

Question Word + do/does + Subject + Verb 1 + …?

DO

Digunakan untuk:

I, you, we, they

Contoh:

What do you do?
Apa pekerjaanmu?/Apa yang kamu lakukan?

Where do they live?
Mereka tinggal di mana?

Why do you study English?
Mengapa kamu belajar bahasa Inggris?

DOES

Digunakan untuk:

he, she, it

Contoh:

What does she eat?
Dia makan apa?

Where does he live?
Dia tinggal di mana?

Why does it happen?
Mengapa hal itu terjadi?

Catatan penting: setelah does, kata kerja kembali ke Verb 1.

❌ Where does she lives?
✅ Where does she live?

❌ What does he eats?
✅ What does he eat?

10. QUESTION WORDS + DID

Untuk Simple Past:

Question Word + did + Subject + Verb 1 + …?

Contoh:

What did you do yesterday?
Apa yang kamu lakukan kemarin?

Where did she go?
Dia pergi ke mana?

When did they arrive?
Kapan mereka tiba?

Why did he leave?
Mengapa dia pergi?

Ingat!

Setelah did, gunakan Verb 1.

❌ Where did you went?
✅ Where did you go?

❌ What did she bought?
✅ What did she buy?

11. QUESTION WORDS + MODAL

Question words juga dapat digunakan bersama:

can, could, will, would, should, may, might, must, dan sebagainya.

Pola:

Question Word + Modal + Subject + Verb 1?

Contoh:

What can I do?
Apa yang dapat saya lakukan?

Where can we go?
Kita dapat pergi ke mana?

How can I help you?
Bagaimana saya dapat membantu Anda?

When will you come?
Kapan kamu akan datang?

What should I do?
Apa yang harus saya lakukan?

12. QUESTION WORDS DALAM BERBAGAI TENSES

Simple Present

Where do you live?
Kamu tinggal di mana?

Present Continuous

Question Word + am/is/are + subject + V-ing?

What are you doing?
Kamu sedang melakukan apa?

Present Perfect

Question Word + have/has + subject + V3?

What have you done?
Apa yang telah kamu lakukan?

Simple Past

Where did you go?
Kamu pergi ke mana?

Past Continuous

What were you doing?
Kamu sedang melakukan apa?

Past Perfect

What had they done?
Apa yang telah mereka lakukan?

Simple Future

When will you come?
Kapan kamu akan datang?

13. KESALAHAN YANG SERING TERJADI

Kesalahan 1

❌ Where you live?

✅ Where do you live?

Karena menggunakan kata kerja live dalam Simple Present, diperlukan do.

Kesalahan 2

❌ Where does he lives?

✅ Where does he live?

Setelah does, gunakan Verb 1.

Kesalahan 3

❌ What did you went?

✅ What did you go?

Setelah did, gunakan Verb 1.

Kesalahan 4

❌ Why you are late?

✅ Why are you late?

Karena menggunakan to be, posisi to be diletakkan sebelum subject.

Kesalahan 5

❌ Who do teaches English?

✅ Who teaches English?

Jika who menjadi subject, tidak perlu menggunakan do/does.

14. RINGKASAN RUMUS

Question Word	Rumus umum	Contoh
What	What + do/does + S + V1?	What do you eat?
Who	Who + V(s/es) + …?	Who teaches English?
Where	Where + do/does + S + V1?	Where do you live?
When	When + do/does + S + V1?	When do you study?
Why	Why + do/does + S + V1?	Why do you study?
How	How + do/does + S + V1?	How do you go to school?

15. CONTOH DIALOG

Rina: What is your name?
Apa namamu?

Dina: My name is Dina.
Nama saya Dina.

Rina: Where do you live?
Kamu tinggal di mana?

Dina: I live in Gresik.
Saya tinggal di Gresik.

Rina: Who do you live with?
Kamu tinggal bersama siapa?

Dina: I live with my parents.
Saya tinggal bersama orang tua saya.

Rina: When do you go to school?
Kapan kamu pergi ke sekolah?

Dina: I go to school at seven o’clock.
Saya pergi ke sekolah pukul tujuh.

Rina: Why do you like English?
Mengapa kamu menyukai bahasa Inggris?

Dina: Because English is interesting.
Karena bahasa Inggris menarik.

Rina: How do you go to school?
Bagaimana kamu pergi ke sekolah?

Dina: I go to school by bicycle.
Saya pergi ke sekolah dengan sepeda.

16. LATIHAN

A. Pilih Question Word yang tepat!

Gunakan: What, Who, Where, When, Why, How

1. _____ is your name?
2. _____ do you live?
3. _____ is your English teacher?
4. _____ do you go to school?
5. _____ are you crying?
6. _____ do you go to school?
7. _____ is your birthday?
8. _____ does she study?
9. _____ did you buy yesterday?
10. _____ did he come late?

Jawaban

1. What
2. Where
3. Who
4. When
5. Why
6. How
7. When
8. Where
9. What
10. Why

17. PEMBAHASAN LATIHAN

1. What is your name?

Jawaban: What

Karena pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan nama/informasi.

What is your name?
Siapa namamu?

2. Where do you live?

Jawaban: Where

Karena menanyakan tempat tinggal.

Where do you live?
Kamu tinggal di mana?

3. Who is your English teacher?

Jawaban: Who

Karena menanyakan orang.

Who is your English teacher?
Siapa guru bahasa Inggrismu?

4. When do you go to school?

Jawaban: When

Karena menanyakan waktu.

When do you go to school?
Kapan kamu pergi ke sekolah?

5. Why are you crying?

Jawaban: Why

Karena menanyakan alasan.

Why are you crying?
Mengapa kamu menangis?

6. How do you go to school?

Jawaban: How

Karena menanyakan cara/alat transportasi.

How do you go to school?
Bagaimana kamu pergi ke sekolah?

7. When is your birthday?

Jawaban: When

Karena ulang tahun berhubungan dengan waktu.

When is your birthday?
Kapan ulang tahunmu?

8. Where does she study?

Jawaban: Where

Karena menanyakan tempat belajar.

Where does she study?
Dia belajar di mana?

9. What did you buy yesterday?

Jawaban: What

Karena menanyakan benda yang dibeli.

What did you buy yesterday?
Apa yang kamu beli kemarin?

10. Why did he come late?

Jawaban: Why

Karena pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan alasan keterlambatan.

Why did he come late?
Mengapa dia datang terlambat?

18. CARA MUDAH MENGINGAT

Gunakan pola 6W + H:

WHAT → APA
➡️ benda/informasi

WHO → SIAPA
➡️ orang

WHERE → DI MANA/KE MANA
➡️ tempat

WHEN → KAPAN
➡️ waktu

WHY → MENGAPA
➡️ alasan

HOW → BAGAIMANA
➡️ cara/keadaan

Contoh satu situasi:

What did you buy?
Kamu membeli apa?

Who did you go with?
Kamu pergi dengan siapa?

Where did you go?
Kamu pergi ke mana?

When did you go?
Kapan kamu pergi?

Why did you go there?
Mengapa kamu pergi ke sana?

How did you go there?
Bagaimana kamu pergi ke sana?

Dengan demikian, Question Words sangat penting untuk membentuk pertanyaan dan memperoleh informasi yang spesifik. Untuk siswa SMP, yang paling penting dikuasai terlebih dahulu adalah arti masing-masing question word, pola dengan to be, do/does, did, serta kemampuan membedakan pertanyaan tentang orang, tempat, waktu, alasan, benda, dan cara.

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