Apa Itu Transitive & Intransitive Verbs? Pengertian, Perbedaan, Ciri, Contoh, dan Cara Menggunakannya

Ibu saya memberi saya sebuah hadiah.

Pertanyaan:

gave what?

→ a gift

gave whom?

→ me

Contoh lain:

The teacher taught us English.

• The teacher = Subject
• taught = Verb
• us = Indirect Object
• English = Direct Object

Artinya:

Guru mengajari kami bahasa Inggris.

H. TRANSITIVE VERB DALAM PASSIVE VOICE

Salah satu cara untuk mengenali transitive verb adalah melihat apakah kalimatnya dapat diubah menjadi passive voice.

Active:

Rina cleaned the room.

Subject = Rina
Verb = cleaned
Object = the room

Passive:

The room was cleaned by Rina.

Karena cleaned mempunyai object, kalimat tersebut dapat dibuat passive.

Contoh lain:

Active:

The students wrote a letter.

Passive:

A letter was written by the students.

Mengapa intransitive verb tidak bisa langsung dibuat passive?

Contoh:

The baby slept.

Tidak ada object.

Kita tidak dapat mengubahnya menjadi:

❌ The bed was slept by the baby.

Karena slept tidak mempunyai direct object.

I. TRANSITIVE VERB + PREPOSITION

Jangan keliru antara object dan object of preposition.

Contoh:

She listens to music.

listens membutuhkan to.

Strukturnya:

She + listens + to + music.

music adalah object of the preposition to, bukan direct object dari listens.

Dalam tata bahasa yang umum diajarkan di sekolah, listen biasanya dikategorikan sebagai intransitive verb yang menggunakan preposition to.

Contoh:

I listen to the teacher.
Saya mendengarkan guru.

J. INTRANSITIVE VERB + ADVERB

Intransitive verb dapat diikuti oleh adverb.

Contoh:

He runs quickly.

• He = Subject
• runs = Intransitive Verb
• quickly = Adverb

quickly bukan object.

Contoh:

She arrived yesterday.

yesterday = adverb of time.

Jadi arrived tetap intransitive.

K. INTRANSITIVE VERB + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

Intransitive verb juga dapat diikuti keterangan tempat/waktu.

Contoh:

They arrived at the station.

• They = Subject
• arrived = Intransitive Verb
• at the station = Prepositional Phrase

the station bukan direct object dari arrived.

Contoh lain:

He slept on the sofa.

• He = Subject
• slept = Intransitive Verb
• on the sofa = Prepositional Phrase

L. PERBANDINGAN CONTOH

Transitive

She opened the window.

opened what?

→ the window

Intransitive

The window opened.

Tidak ada object.

Transitive

The boy broke the glass.

broke what?

→ the glass

Intransitive

The glass broke.

Tidak ada object.

Transitive

The teacher started the class.

started what?

→ the class

Intransitive

The class started at 8 a.m.

Tidak ada direct object.

M. KESALAHAN YANG SERING TERJADI

Kesalahan 1

❌ He arrived the school.

Lebih tepat:

✅ He arrived at school.

Karena arrive tidak langsung diikuti object.

Kesalahan 2

❌ She listened music.

Lebih tepat:

✅ She listened to music.

Karena listen biasanya menggunakan to.

Kesalahan 3

❌ The baby slept the bed.

Lebih tepat:

✅ The baby slept on the bed.

on the bed adalah keterangan tempat.

Kesalahan 4

Menganggap semua verb yang memiliki kata setelahnya sebagai transitive.

Contoh:

He runs quickly.

quickly bukan object.

Jadi runs tetap intransitive.

N. RUMUS SEDERHANA

Transitive Verb

S + V + O

Contoh:

She + reads + a book.

Intransitive Verb

S + V

Contoh:

She + sleeps.

Intransitive + Adverb

S + V + Adv

Contoh:

She sleeps peacefully.

Intransitive + Prepositional Phrase

S + V + Preposition + Noun

Contoh:

She arrived at school.

Transitive dengan dua object

S + V + IO + DO

Contoh:

She gave me a book.

O. DAFTAR VERB YANG PERLU DIHAFAL

Umumnya Transitive

• eat
• drink
• buy
• sell
• read
• write
• open
• close
• clean
• wash
• make
• use
• take
• bring
• carry
• watch
• need
• want
• like
• love
• hate
• help
• invite
• visit
• answer
• teach
• borrow
• choose
• catch
• cut
• build
• repair

Umumnya Intransitive

• arrive
• go
• come
• sleep
• cry
• laugh
• smile
• run
• walk
• swim
• sit
• stand
• fall
• happen
• occur
• disappear
• die
• wait
• travel
• stay
• remain
• exist
• sneeze
• cough

Catatan: Beberapa verb dapat berubah fungsi tergantung konteks kalimat.

P. LATIHAN

Tentukan apakah verb yang dicetak tebal merupakan Transitive (T) atau Intransitive (I).

1. She reads a book.
2. The baby sleeps.
3. They bought a new computer.
4. The students laughed loudly.
5. He opened the door.
6. The door opened suddenly.
7. We visited our grandmother.
8. The children ran quickly.
9. My father fixed the bicycle.
10. The dog barked loudly.
11. She writes a letter.
12. The students arrived late.
13. Tom broke the window.
14. The window broke.
15. They cleaned the classroom.

Q. KUNCI JAWABAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

1. She reads a book.

Jawaban: T (Transitive)

reads what? → a book

Ada object a book.

2. The baby sleeps.

Jawaban: I (Intransitive)

Tidak ada object.

3. They bought a new computer.

Jawaban: T

bought what? → a new computer

Ada object.

4. The students laughed loudly.

Jawaban: I

loudly adalah adverb, bukan object.

5. He opened the door.

Jawaban: T

opened what? → the door

Ada object.

6. The door opened suddenly.

Jawaban: I

Tidak ada object. suddenly adalah adverb.

7. We visited our grandmother.

Jawaban: T

visited whom? → our grandmother

Ada object.

8. The children ran quickly.

Jawaban: I

quickly adalah adverb.

9. My father fixed the bicycle.

Jawaban: T

fixed what? → the bicycle

Ada object.

10. The dog barked loudly.

Jawaban: I

Tidak ada object. loudly adalah adverb.

11. She writes a letter.

Jawaban: T

writes what? → a letter

Ada object.

12. The students arrived late.

Jawaban: I

late adalah adverb, bukan object.

13. Tom broke the window.

Jawaban: T

broke what? → the window

Ada object.

14. The window broke.

Jawaban: I

Tidak ada object.

15. They cleaned the classroom.

Jawaban: T

cleaned what? → the classroom

Ada object.

R. KESIMPULAN

Transitive Verb adalah kata kerja yang membutuhkan object.

Subject + Verb + Object

Contoh:

She reads a book.

Intransitive Verb adalah kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan object.

Subject + Verb

Contoh:

She sleeps.

Cara paling mudah mengingat:

TRANSITIVE → ada OBJECT

INTRANSITIVE → tidak ada OBJECT

Namun, jangan hanya melihat apakah ada kata setelah verb. Perhatikan apakah kata tersebut benar-benar object atau hanya adverb/prepositional phrase.

Contoh:

She reads a book. → Transitive
She sleeps peacefully. → Intransitive
She arrived at school. → Intransitive
She opened the door. → Transitive

Inti pembahasannya: yang menentukan transitive/intransitive bukan panjang pendeknya kalimat, tetapi apakah verb tersebut memiliki direct object dalam penggunaannya pada kalimat tersebut.

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