Regular & Irregular Verbs: Pengertian, Perbedaan, Contoh, dan Cara Penggunaannya dalam Bahasa Inggris

K. Regular vs Irregular Verb

Regular Verb	Irregular Verb
Mengikuti pola perubahan yang relatif teratur	Tidak mengikuti pola -ed secara umum
V2 biasanya + ed/d	V2 berubah dengan bentuk khusus
V3 biasanya sama dengan V2	V3 bisa sama atau berbeda
play → played → played	go → went → gone
work → worked → worked	eat → ate → eaten
clean → cleaned → cleaned	write → wrote → written

Kesimpulan sederhana:

Regular:

work → worked → worked

Irregular:

go → went → gone

L. Penggunaan V1, V2, dan V3

1. V1 – Simple Present Tense

V1 digunakan untuk kebiasaan, fakta, atau kegiatan yang terjadi secara umum.

I play football every Sunday.
Saya bermain sepak bola setiap hari Minggu.

She studies English every day.
Dia belajar bahasa Inggris setiap hari.

Perhatikan:

I/You/We/They + V1

He/She/It + V1 + s/es

M. V2 – Simple Past Tense

V2 digunakan untuk kegiatan yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu.

Contoh regular:

I played football yesterday.
Saya bermain sepak bola kemarin.

Contoh irregular:

I went to school yesterday.
Saya pergi ke sekolah kemarin.

Rumus positif:

Subject + V2 + Object/Complement

Contoh:

She visited her grandmother yesterday.

Dia mengunjungi neneknya kemarin.

Bentuk negatif

Rumus:

Subject + did not + V1

atau

Subject + didn’t + V1

Penting:

Setelah did/didn’t, kata kerja kembali ke V1.

❌ She didn’t went to school.

✅ She didn’t go to school.

Contoh:

They didn’t play football.
Mereka tidak bermain sepak bola.

He didn’t go to school.
Dia tidak pergi ke sekolah.

Bentuk interrogative

Rumus:

Did + Subject + V1 + …?

Contoh:

Did you play football?
Apakah kamu bermain sepak bola?

Did she go to school?
Apakah dia pergi ke sekolah?

Jawaban:

Yes, I did.

No, I didn’t.

N. V3 – Past Participle

V3 digunakan dalam beberapa struktur penting.

1. Present Perfect

Rumus:

Subject + have/has + V3

Contoh:

I have eaten breakfast.
Saya sudah makan sarapan.

She has gone home.
Dia sudah pulang.

2. Past Perfect

Rumus:

Subject + had + V3

Contoh:

I had eaten before he came.
Saya sudah makan sebelum dia datang.

She had gone home before the rain started.
Dia sudah pulang sebelum hujan mulai.

3. Passive Voice

V3 juga digunakan dalam kalimat pasif.

Contoh:

The door is closed.
Pintu itu ditutup/tertutup.

The letter was written by John.
Surat itu ditulis oleh John.

O. Perbandingan dalam Satu Kata Kerja

Mari kita lihat kata WRITE.

Bentuk	Kalimat	Arti
V1	I write a letter.	Saya menulis surat.
V2	I wrote a letter yesterday.	Saya menulis surat kemarin.
V3	I have written a letter.	Saya telah menulis surat.
V-ing	I am writing a letter.	Saya sedang menulis surat.

Sekarang kata PLAY:

Bentuk	Kalimat	Arti
V1	I play football.	Saya bermain sepak bola.
V2	I played football yesterday.	Saya bermain sepak bola kemarin.
V3	I have played football.	Saya telah bermain sepak bola.
V-ing	I am playing football.	Saya sedang bermain sepak bola.

P. Daftar Regular Verbs yang Sering Digunakan

No.	V1	V2	V3	Arti
1	ask	asked	asked	bertanya
2	answer	answered	answered	menjawab
3	arrive	arrived	arrived	tiba
4	call	called	called	menelepon
5	clean	cleaned	cleaned	membersihkan
6	close	closed	closed	menutup
7	cook	cooked	cooked	memasak
8	dance	danced	danced	menari
9	enjoy	enjoyed	enjoyed	menikmati
10	finish	finished	finished	menyelesaikan
11	help	helped	helped	membantu
12	jump	jumped	jumped	melompat
13	kiss	kissed	kissed	mencium
14	listen	listened	listened	mendengarkan
15	live	lived	lived	tinggal
16	look	looked	looked	melihat
17	love	loved	loved	mencintai
18	need	needed	needed	membutuhkan
19	open	opened	opened	membuka
20	play	played	played	bermain
21	rain	rained	rained	hujan
22	remember	remembered	remembered	mengingat
23	start	started	started	memulai
24	study	studied	studied	belajar
25	talk	talked	talked	berbicara
26	visit	visited	visited	mengunjungi
27	wait	waited	waited	menunggu
28	walk	walked	walked	berjalan
29	wash	washed	washed	mencuci
30	watch	watched	watched	menonton

Q. Daftar Irregular Verbs yang Sering Digunakan

No.	V1	V2	V3	Arti
1	be	was/were	been	menjadi/berada
2	become	became	become	menjadi
3	begin	began	begun	mulai
4	break	broke	broken	memecahkan
5	bring	brought	brought	membawa
6	build	built	built	membangun
7	buy	bought	bought	membeli
8	catch	caught	caught	menangkap
9	choose	chose	chosen	memilih
10	come	came	come	datang
11	cost	cost	cost	berharga
12	cut	cut	cut	memotong
13	do	did	done	melakukan
14	drink	drank	drunk	minum
15	drive	drove	driven	mengemudi
16	eat	ate	eaten	makan
17	fall	fell	fallen	jatuh
18	feel	felt	felt	merasa
19	find	found	found	menemukan
20	fly	flew	flown	terbang
21	forget	forgot	forgotten	melupakan
22	get	got	got/gotten	mendapatkan
23	give	gave	given	memberi
24	go	went	gone	pergi
25	have	had	had	memiliki
26	hear	heard	heard	mendengar
27	keep	kept	kept	menyimpan
28	know	knew	known	mengetahui
29	leave	left	left	meninggalkan
30	lose	lost	lost	kehilangan
31	make	made	made	membuat
32	meet	met	met	bertemu
33	pay	paid	paid	membayar
34	put	put	put	meletakkan
35	read	read	read	membaca
36	ride	rode	ridden	mengendarai
37	run	ran	run	berlari
38	say	said	said	mengatakan
39	see	saw	seen	melihat
40	sell	sold	sold	menjual
41	send	sent	sent	mengirim
42	sing	sang	sung	bernyanyi
43	sit	sat	sat	duduk
44	sleep	slept	slept	tidur
45	speak	spoke	spoken	berbicara
46	spend	spent	spent	menghabiskan
47	stand	stood	stood	berdiri
48	swim	swam	swum	berenang
49	take	took	taken	mengambil
50	teach	taught	taught	mengajar
51	tell	told	told	memberitahu
52	think	thought	thought	berpikir
53	understand	understood	understood	memahami
54	wear	wore	worn	memakai
55	win	won	won	menang
56	write	wrote	written	menulis

R. Kesalahan yang Sering Terjadi

1. Menggunakan V2 setelah DID

❌ Did you went to school?

✅ Did you go to school?

Karena setelah did, harus menggunakan V1.

2. Menambahkan -ed pada irregular verb

❌ I goed to school.

✅ I went to school.

3. Menggunakan V2 setelah HAVE/HAS

❌ She has went home.

✅ She has gone home.

Karena:

have/has + V3

4. Menggunakan V1 setelah HAVE/HAS

❌ I have eat breakfast.

✅ I have eaten breakfast.

5. Salah menggunakan V3

❌ He has wrote a letter.

✅ He has written a letter.

S. Cara Mudah Membedakan

Gunakan pertanyaan berikut:

Apakah kalimatnya Simple Present?

Gunakan V1.

I play football.

Apakah kalimatnya Simple Past positif?

Gunakan V2.

I played football yesterday.

Apakah ada DID/DIDN’T?

Kembali ke V1.

I didn’t play football.

Apakah ada HAVE/HAS?

Gunakan V3.

I have played football.

Apakah ada HAD?

Gunakan V3.

I had played football.

T. Latihan

Latihan 1 – Lengkapi V2

1. I ___ (play) football yesterday.
2. She ___ (study) English last night.
3. They ___ (go) to the market.
4. He ___ (buy) a new book.
5. We ___ (watch) a movie.
6. My father ___ (work) yesterday.
7. I ___ (eat) breakfast at 7 a.m.
8. She ___ (write) a letter.
9. They ___ (visit) their grandmother.
10. He ___ (see) a beautiful bird.

Jawaban

1. played
2. studied
3. went
4. bought
5. watched
6. worked
7. ate
8. wrote
9. visited
10. saw

U. Latihan 2 – Lengkapi V3

1. I have ___ (eat) breakfast.
2. She has ___ (write) a letter.
3. They have ___ (go) home.
4. He has ___ (buy) a new phone.
5. We have ___ (finish) our homework.
6. She has ___ (see) the movie.
7. I have ___ (clean) my room.
8. He has ___ (take) the book.
9. They have ___ (make) a cake.
10. She has ___ (speak) to the teacher.

Jawaban

1. eaten
2. written
3. gone
4. bought
5. finished
6. seen
7. cleaned
8. taken
9. made
10. spoken

V. Latihan 3 – Pilih Jawaban yang Benar

1. Yesterday, I ___ football.

A. play
B. played
C. playing
D. plays

Jawaban: B. played

Pembahasan:
Kata yesterday menunjukkan masa lampau, sehingga menggunakan V2.
Play → played.

2. She ___ to school yesterday.

A. go
B. goes
C. went
D. gone

Jawaban: C. went

Pembahasan:
Go adalah irregular verb.

go → went → gone

Karena menggunakan Simple Past positif, kita menggunakan V2 = went.

3. He has ___ his homework.

A. do
B. did
C. done
D. doing

Jawaban: C. done

Pembahasan:

has + V3

Do → did → done

4. They didn’t ___ to the party.

A. went
B. gone
C. go
D. going

Jawaban: C. go

Pembahasan:
Setelah didn’t, kata kerja harus kembali ke V1.

5. She has ___ the book.

A. read
B. reads
C. reading
D. readed

Jawaban: A. read

Pembahasan:
Read merupakan irregular verb:

read → read → read

Tulisan tetap sama, tetapi pengucapan V1 dan V2/V3 berbeda.

W. Ringkasan Penting

Situasi	Bentuk Verb
Simple Present	V1
Simple Present he/she/it	V1 + s/es
Simple Past positif	V2
Did + …	V1
Didn’t + …	V1
Have + …	V3
Has + …	V3
Had + …	V3
Passive Voice	V3
Continuous	V-ing

Ingat rumus utama:

Regular Verb

V1 → V2 + ed → V3 + ed

Contoh:

clean → cleaned → cleaned

Irregular Verb

V1 → bentuk khusus → bentuk khusus

Contoh:

go → went → gone

Kunci paling penting:

V1 = sekarang/kebiasaan
V2 = masa lalu
V3 = digunakan setelah have/has/had dan dalam passive voice
V-ing = kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung

Dengan memahami pola ini, siswa akan lebih mudah mempelajari Simple Present, Simple Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, dan Passive Voice.

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