Apa Itu Determiners dalam Bahasa Inggris? Jenis, Fungsi, dan Cara Menggunakannya

Pola:

every + singular noun

Contoh:

every day
setiap hari

every student
setiap siswa

every house
setiap rumah

Contoh:

Every student must study.
Setiap siswa harus belajar.

I go to school every day.
Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari.

EACH vs EVERY

Keduanya berarti setiap, tetapi terdapat perbedaan nuansa.

EACH

Lebih menekankan individu satu per satu.

Each student received a book.
Setiap siswa masing-masing menerima sebuah buku.

EVERY

Lebih menekankan kelompok secara keseluruhan.

Every student must attend the class.
Setiap siswa harus mengikuti kelas.

Untuk tingkat SMP, aturan praktisnya:

each/every + singular countable noun

Either

Pengertian EITHER

Either berarti:

salah satu dari dua

Contoh:

You can choose either answer.
Kamu dapat memilih salah satu dari dua jawaban.

Either book is good.
Salah satu dari kedua buku itu bagus.

Neither

Pengertian NEITHER

Neither berarti:

tidak satu pun dari dua

Contoh:

Neither answer is correct.
Tidak satu pun dari kedua jawaban itu benar.

Neither student came to school.
Tidak satu pun dari kedua siswa itu datang ke sekolah.

Both

Pengertian BOTH

Both berarti:

keduanya

Biasanya diikuti plural noun.

Pola:

both + plural noun

Contoh:

both students
kedua siswa

both books
kedua buku

Both students are smart.
Kedua siswa itu pintar.

Numbers

Angka sebagai Determiner

Angka juga dapat berfungsi sebagai determiner.

Cardinal numbers:

one book
satu buku

two students
dua siswa

three cars
tiga mobil

Ordinal numbers:

the first student
siswa pertama

the second lesson
pelajaran kedua

the third chapter
bab ketiga

Interrogative Determiners

WHAT

What + noun

What book do you want?
Buku apa yang kamu inginkan?

What subject do you like?
Mata pelajaran apa yang kamu sukai?

WHICH

Which digunakan ketika memilih dari sejumlah pilihan tertentu.

Which book do you want?
Buku yang mana yang kamu inginkan?

Which color do you prefer?
Warna yang mana yang kamu sukai?

What vs Which

What → pilihan lebih umum.

Which → pilihan lebih terbatas/tertentu.

WHOSE

Whose berarti:

milik siapa

Pola:

whose + noun

Contoh:

Whose book is this?
Buku siapa ini?

Whose bag is that?
Tas siapa itu?

Jawaban:

It is my book.
Itu buku saya.

Countable dan Uncountable Noun

Untuk memahami determiner, kita harus memahami countable dan uncountable noun.

Countable Noun

Benda yang dapat dihitung satu per satu.

Contoh:

• book
• apple
• student
• car
• chair
• table
• house

Bisa:

one book
two books
three books

Uncountable Noun

Benda yang biasanya tidak dihitung satu per satu.

Contoh:

• water
• milk
• rice
• money
• information
• advice
• time
• sugar

Tidak biasa mengatakan:

❌ two waters

Untuk jumlah tertentu, gunakan satuan:

two bottles of water
dua botol air

two pieces of advice
dua nasihat

Determiner Berdasarkan Countability

Determiner	Countable Singular	Countable Plural	Uncountable
a/an	✅	❌	❌
the	✅	✅	✅
some	❌	✅	✅
any	❌	✅	✅
many	❌	✅	❌
much	❌	❌	✅
a lot of	❌	✅	✅
few	❌	✅	❌
a few	❌	✅	❌
little	❌	❌	✅
a little	❌	❌	✅
each	✅	❌	❌
every	✅	❌	❌
this	✅	❌	❌
these	❌	✅	❌
that	✅	❌	❌
those	❌	✅	❌

Kesalahan yang Sering Terjadi

Kesalahan 1

❌ I have a books.

✅ I have a book.

Karena a + singular noun.

Kesalahan 2

❌ She has an car.

✅ She has a car.

Karena car diawali bunyi konsonan.

Kesalahan 3

❌ I have much books.

✅ I have many books.

Karena books adalah countable plural.

Kesalahan 4

❌ I have many money.

✅ I have much money.

atau:

✅ I have a lot of money.

Kesalahan 5

❌ These book are new.

✅ These books are new.

Karena these + plural noun.

Kesalahan 6

❌ This books are interesting.

✅ These books are interesting.

Kesalahan 7

❌ Every students must study.

✅ Every student must study.

Karena:

every + singular noun

Kesalahan 8

❌ Each students has a book.

✅ Each student has a book.

Tabel Ringkasan Determiner

Determiner	Arti	Penggunaan
a	sebuah/seorang	singular countable
an	sebuah/seorang	singular countable + vowel sound
the	itu/tersebut	spesifik
some	beberapa/sejumlah	plural & uncountable
any	beberapa/apa pun	plural & uncountable
many	banyak	plural countable
much	banyak	uncountable
a lot of	banyak	plural & uncountable
few	sedikit	plural countable
a few	beberapa	plural countable
little	sedikit	uncountable
a little	sedikit	uncountable
this	ini	singular
that	itu	singular
these	ini	plural
those	itu	plural
my	saya	kepemilikan
your	kamu	kepemilikan
his	dia laki-laki	kepemilikan
her	dia perempuan	kepemilikan
our	kami/kita	kepemilikan
their	mereka	kepemilikan
each	setiap/masing-masing	singular
every	setiap	singular
either	salah satu dari dua	singular
neither	tidak satu pun dari dua	singular
both	keduanya	plural
what	apa	noun
which	yang mana	noun
whose	milik siapa	noun

LATIHAN DETERMINER

Pilih jawaban yang tepat!

1. I have ___ apple.
A. a
B. an
C. some
D. many

2. She bought ___ books.
A. a
B. an
C. some
D. much

3. There aren’t ___ students in the classroom.
A. much
B. any
C. an
D. a

4. I don’t have ___ money.
A. many
B. a
C. much
D. few

5. There are ___ students at school today.
A. much
B. many
C. an
D. a little

6. He is ___ honest man.
A. a
B. an
C. some
D. many

7. ___ book on the table is mine.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D. Some

8. I have ___ friends at school.
A. a few
B. much
C. little
D. an

9. We have ___ water left.
A. a little
B. a few
C. many
D. few

10. ___ student must bring a dictionary.
A. Every
B. Many
C. Much
D. Few

11. ___ books are mine.
A. This
B. That
C. These
D. A

12. ___ house over there is very big.
A. These
B. Those
C. That
D. This

13. She doesn’t have ___ brothers.
A. some
B. any
C. much
D. little

14. There is ___ milk in the refrigerator.
A. many
B. a few
C. some
D. few

15. ___ students received certificates.
A. Both
B. Much
C. A little
D. An

KUNCI JAWABAN

No.	Jawaban
1	B
2	C
3	B
4	C
5	B
6	B
7	C
8	A
9	A
10	A
11	C
12	C
13	B
14	C
15	A

PEMBAHASAN JAWABAN

1. B — an

I have an apple.

Apple diawali bunyi vokal, sehingga menggunakan an.

2. C — some

She bought some books.

Books adalah plural countable noun. Dalam kalimat positif, some dapat digunakan.

3. B — any

There aren’t any students.

Kalimat negatif → any.

4. C — much

I don’t have much money.

Money adalah uncountable noun → much.

5. B — many

There are many students.

Students adalah plural countable noun → many.

6. B — an

He is an honest man.

Huruf h pada honest tidak terdengar, sehingga menggunakan an.

7. C — the

The book on the table is mine.

Buku yang dimaksud spesifik, yaitu buku yang berada di atas meja.

8. A — a few

I have a few friends.

Friends adalah plural countable noun. A few berarti beberapa.

9. A — a little

We have a little water left.

Water adalah uncountable noun → a little.

10. A — every

Every student must bring a dictionary.

Pola:

every + singular countable noun

11. C — these

These books are mine.

Books plural dan benda yang ditunjuk dekat → these.

12. C — that

That house over there is very big.

House singular dan berada jauh → that.

13. B — any

She doesn’t have any brothers.

Kalimat negatif → any.

14. C — some

There is some milk in the refrigerator.

Milk adalah uncountable noun dan kalimatnya positif → some.

15. A — both

Both students received certificates.

Both digunakan untuk dua orang/benda dan diikuti plural noun.

RUMUS CEPAT YANG PERLU DIINGAT

ARTICLE

a + singular countable noun

a book

an + singular countable noun + vowel sound

an apple

the + specific noun

the book

QUANTITY

some + plural / uncountable

some books
some water

any + plural / uncountable

any books
any water

many + plural countable

many books

much + uncountable

much water

a lot of + plural / uncountable

a lot of books
a lot of water

few + plural countable

few students

a few + plural countable

a few students

little + uncountable

little water

a little + uncountable

a little water

DEMONSTRATIVE

this + singular

this book

that + singular

that book

these + plural

these books

those + plural

those books

DISTRIBUTIVE

each + singular

each student

every + singular

every student

both + plural

both students

either + singular

either answer

neither + singular

neither answer

Inti Materi yang Paling Penting

Jika siswa baru belajar Determiner, hafalkan terlebih dahulu 10 aturan berikut:

1. a + singular countable → a book
2. an + vowel sound → an apple
3. the + specific noun → the book
4. some + plural/uncountable → some books, some water
5. any + plural/uncountable → any books, any water
6. many + plural countable → many students
7. much + uncountable → much money
8. a few + plural countable → a few friends
9. a little + uncountable → a little water
10. every/each + singular noun → every student, each student

Kunci utamanya: sebelum memilih determiner, tanyakan “Apakah noun-nya singular, plural, countable, uncountable, spesifik, atau tidak spesifik?” Dari situlah pilihan determiner menjadi jauh lebih mudah.

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