Apa Itu Verb dalam Bahasa Inggris? Pengertian, Jenis, Fungsi, dan Contohnya

Irregular verb:

She went to school yesterday.
Dia pergi ke sekolah kemarin.

Perhatikan:

go → went

Bukan:

❌ She goed to school.

O. Present Continuous

Digunakan untuk kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung.

Rumus:

Subject + am/is/are + V-ing

Contoh:

I am studying English.
Saya sedang belajar bahasa Inggris.

She is reading a book.
Dia sedang membaca buku.

They are playing football.
Mereka sedang bermain sepak bola.

P. Present Perfect

Rumus:

Subject + have/has + V3

Contoh:

I have finished my homework.
Saya sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.

She has eaten lunch.
Dia sudah makan siang.

Perhatikan penggunaan V3:

eat → ate → eaten

Q. Passive Voice dan Verb

Verb juga sangat penting dalam passive voice.

Contoh aktif:

Rina writes a letter.
Rina menulis sebuah surat.

Passive:

A letter is written by Rina.
Sebuah surat ditulis oleh Rina.

Perhatikan:

write → written

R. Stative Verb

Stative verb menunjukkan keadaan, pikiran, perasaan, kepemilikan, atau kondisi.

Contoh:

• know = mengetahui
• understand = memahami
• like = menyukai
• love = mencintai
• hate = membenci
• believe = percaya
• need = membutuhkan
• want = menginginkan
• remember = mengingat
• understand = memahami

Contoh:

I know the answer.
Saya tahu jawabannya.

She likes English.
Dia menyukai bahasa Inggris.

They need help.
Mereka membutuhkan bantuan.

S. Phrasal Verb

Phrasal verb adalah gabungan verb dengan kata lain, biasanya preposition atau adverb, sehingga menghasilkan makna tertentu.

Contoh:

Contoh:

I wake up at 5 a.m.
Saya bangun pukul 5 pagi.

Please turn off the light.
Tolong matikan lampunya.

She is looking for her book.
Dia sedang mencari bukunya.

T. Verb + To Infinitive

Beberapa verb diikuti to + V1.

Contoh:

I want to study English.
Saya ingin belajar bahasa Inggris.

She needs to sleep.
Dia perlu tidur.

They decided to go home.
Mereka memutuskan untuk pulang.

Pola:

Verb + to + V1

Contoh:

• want to go
• need to study
• hope to see
• plan to visit
• decide to buy

U. Verb + Gerund

Beberapa verb diikuti oleh V-ing.

Contoh:

I enjoy reading books.
Saya menikmati membaca buku.

She likes swimming.
Dia suka berenang.

He enjoys playing football.
Dia menikmati bermain sepak bola.

Pola:

Verb + V-ing

V. Perbedaan V1, V2, V3, dan V-ing

Contoh dengan eat:

I eat rice every day.
Saya makan nasi setiap hari.

I ate rice yesterday.
Saya makan nasi kemarin.

I have eaten rice.
Saya sudah makan nasi.

I am eating rice.
Saya sedang makan nasi.

W. Kesalahan yang Sering Terjadi

1. Salah menambahkan s/es

❌ She go to school.

✅ She goes to school.

2. Menggunakan V2 setelah did

❌ Did you went there?

✅ Did you go there?

Karena setelah did, gunakan V1.

3. Menggunakan V2 setelah modal

❌ She can went home.

✅ She can go home.

4. Menggunakan V1 setelah have/has pada perfect tense

❌ She has eat breakfast.

✅ She has eaten breakfast.

5. Lupa menggunakan V-ing setelah be dalam continuous

❌ They are play football.

✅ They are playing football.

X. Ringkasan Pola Verb

Y. 50 Common Verbs

Z. Latihan Soal

A. Pilih jawaban yang benar!

1. She ___ English every day.
A. study
B. studies
C. studied
D. studying

2. They ___ football yesterday.
A. play
B. plays
C. played
D. playing

3. I am ___ a book now.
A. read
B. reads
C. reading
D. readed

4. He ___ to school yesterday.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
D. going

5. We have ___ lunch.
A. eat
B. ate
C. eaten
D. eating

6. She can ___ English.
A. speaks
B. spoke
C. speak
D. speaking

7. My mother ___ dinner every evening.
A. cook
B. cooks
C. cooked
D. cooking

8. Did you ___ the movie?
A. watched
B. watch
C. watching
D. watches

9. They are ___ basketball now.
A. play
B. played
C. playing
D. plays

10. He has ___ a new bicycle.
A. buy
B. bought
C. buying
D. buys

Kunci Jawaban dan Pembahasan

1. B. studies

Subject she → Simple Present → verb mendapat -s/-es.

She studies English every day.
Dia belajar bahasa Inggris setiap hari.

2. C. played

Ada yesterday, sehingga menggunakan Simple Past.
Play → played.

They played football yesterday.
Mereka bermain sepak bola kemarin.

3. C. reading

Ada am dan kegiatan sedang berlangsung → am + V-ing.

I am reading a book now.
Saya sedang membaca sebuah buku sekarang.

4. C. went

Go adalah irregular verb.

go → went → gone

Karena ada yesterday, gunakan V2.

5. C. eaten

Setelah have dalam Present Perfect digunakan V3.

eat → ate → eaten

6. C. speak

Setelah modal can, gunakan V1.

can + speak

Bukan can speaks.

7. B. cooks

Subject my mother = she, sehingga dalam Simple Present verb mendapat -s.

cook → cooks

8. B. watch

Setelah did, gunakan V1.

Did + subject + V1?

Jadi:

Did you watch the movie?

9. C. playing

are + V-ing → Present Continuous.

They are playing basketball now.

10. B. bought

Setelah has, gunakan V3.

buy → bought → bought

Jadi:

He has bought a new bicycle.
Dia telah membeli sepeda baru.

Kesimpulan

Verb adalah salah satu unsur paling penting dalam Bahasa Inggris. Untuk menguasai grammar, siswa perlu memahami terutama:

1. V1 = bentuk dasar
2. V2 = bentuk lampau
3. V3 = past participle
4. V-ing = bentuk -ing
5. Regular Verb dan Irregular Verb
6. Action Verb dan Stative Verb
7. Helping Verb
8. Modal Verb
9. Penggunaan verb dalam berbagai tenses
10. Aturan V1 + s/es untuk he, she, it

Kunci sederhananya:

V1 → present
V2 → past
V3 → perfect/passive
V-ing → continuous/gerund

Laman: 1 2