Materi Passive Voice

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Passive Voice

1. Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive Voice adalah kalimat yang menekankan objek yang dikenai tindakan, bukan orang yang melakukan tindakan.
Contoh:
Active:
Rina writes a letter.
Rina menulis sebuah surat.
Passive:
A letter is written by Rina.
Sebuah surat ditulis oleh Rina.
Pada kalimat aktif, Rina menjadi fokus sebagai pelaku.
Pada kalimat pasif, a letter menjadi fokus sebagai sesuatu yang dikenai tindakan.

Rumus dasar:
Active:
Subject + Verb + Object
Passive:
Object + to be + Verb 3 + by + Subject
3. Cara Mengubah Active menjadi Passive
Perhatikan kalimat:
The students clean the classroom.
Langkah 1
Cari Object.
Object = the classroom
Langkah 2
Object dipindahkan ke awal kalimat.
The classroom …
Langkah 3
Tentukan to be sesuai tense.
Kalimat menggunakan Simple Present, sehingga menggunakan is/am/are.
The classroom is …
Langkah 4
Kata kerja diubah menjadi V3.
clean → cleaned
The classroom is cleaned …
Langkah 5
Tambahkan pelaku dengan by.
The classroom is cleaned by the students.
Artinya:
Kelas dibersihkan oleh para siswa.
4. Passive Voice dalam Simple Present Tense
Rumus
Active:
S + V1(s/es) + O
Passive:
O + am/is/are + V3 + by + S
Contoh
Active:
Mother cooks rice.
Ibu memasak nasi.
Passive:
Rice is cooked by Mother.
Nasi dimasak oleh Ibu.
Active:
The teacher explains the lesson.
Guru menjelaskan pelajaran.
Passive:
The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Pelajaran dijelaskan oleh guru.
Active:
They clean the classroom.
Mereka membersihkan kelas.
Passive:
The classroom is cleaned by them.
Kelas dibersihkan oleh mereka.
5. Passive Voice dalam Simple Past Tense
Rumus
Active:
S + V2 + O
Passive:
O + was/were + V3 + by + S
Penggunaan
was → I, he, she, it
were → you, we, they
Contoh
Active:
Rina cleaned the room.
Rina membersihkan kamar.
Passive:
The room was cleaned by Rina.
Kamar dibersihkan oleh Rina.
Active:
They visited the museum.
Mereka mengunjungi museum.
Passive:
The museum was visited by them.
Museum tersebut dikunjungi oleh mereka.
Active:
The students planted trees.
Para siswa menanam pohon.
Passive:
Trees were planted by the students.
Pohon-pohon ditanam oleh para siswa.
6. Passive Voice dalam Simple Future Tense
Rumus
Active:
S + will + V1 + O
Passive:
O + will + be + V3 + by + S
Contoh
Active:
They will clean the classroom.
Mereka akan membersihkan kelas.
Passive:
The classroom will be cleaned by them.
Kelas akan dibersihkan oleh mereka.
Active:
She will write a letter.
Dia akan menulis sebuah surat.
Passive:
A letter will be written by her.
Sebuah surat akan ditulis olehnya.
7. Passive Voice dalam Present Continuous
Rumus
Active:
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Passive:
O + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + S
Contoh
Active:
The students are cleaning the classroom.
Passive:
The classroom is being cleaned by the students.
Artinya:
Kelas sedang dibersihkan oleh para siswa.
8. Passive Voice dalam Present Perfect
Rumus
Active:
S + have/has + V3 + O
Passive:
O + have/has + been + V3 + by + S
Contoh
Active:
They have finished the homework.
Passive:
The homework has been finished by them.
Artinya:
Pekerjaan rumah telah diselesaikan oleh mereka.
10. Penggunaan “By”
By digunakan untuk menunjukkan pelaku tindakan.
Contoh:
The cake is made by Mother.
Kue dibuat oleh Ibu.
The book was written by Andrea Hirata.
Buku itu ditulis oleh Andrea Hirata.
Namun, by + pelaku tidak selalu harus ditulis jika pelakunya tidak penting atau sudah diketahui.
Contoh:
The classroom is cleaned every day.
Kelas dibersihkan setiap hari.
Tidak perlu mengatakan siapa yang membersihkan jika informasinya tidak penting.
Catatan penting: Dalam Passive Voice, kata kerja utama selalu menggunakan V3.
12. Latihan Soal
Ubahlah kalimat aktif berikut menjadi Passive Voice!
1.
The teacher explains the lesson.
2.
Rina cleaned the classroom.
3.
They will build a new school.
4.
Mother cooks fried rice.
5.
The students planted flowers.
Jawaban
1. The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Artinya: Pelajaran dijelaskan oleh guru.
2. The classroom was cleaned by Rina.
Artinya: Kelas dibersihkan oleh Rina.
3. A new school will be built by them.
Artinya: Sebuah sekolah baru akan dibangun oleh mereka.
4. Fried rice is cooked by Mother.
Artinya: Nasi goreng dimasak oleh Ibu.
5. Flowers were planted by the students.
Artinya: Bunga-bunga ditanam oleh para siswa.
Kunci utama untuk mengingat Passive Voice:
OBJECT → TO BE → V3 → BY + SUBJECT
Contoh:
They clean the classroom.

The classroom + is + cleaned + by them.
Jadi, hal paling penting dalam Passive Voice adalah menentukan tense dan menggunakan V3

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