NARRATIVE TEXT

NARRATIVE TEXT
1. Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative text is a text that tells a story or a series of events, usually involving characters and a problem or conflict.
Artinya:
Narrative text adalah teks yang menceritakan sebuah cerita atau rangkaian peristiwa yang biasanya melibatkan tokoh dan suatu masalah atau konflik.
Narrative text biasanya berupa:

• Folktales (cerita rakyat)
• Fairy tales (dongeng)
• Legends (legenda)
• Fables (cerita binatang)
• Myths (mitos)
• Stories about heroes (cerita kepahlawanan)
• Imaginative stories (cerita imajinatif)

Contoh:

• The Story of Malin Kundang
• The Story of Timun Mas
• Cinderella
• The Lion and the Mouse
• The Story of Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih

2. Tujuan Narrative Text
The main purpose of narrative text is to entertain the readers and tell a story.
Artinya:
Tujuan utama narrative text adalah menghibur pembaca dan menceritakan sebuah cerita.
Selain itu, narrative text dapat memberikan:
1.Entertainment → hiburan.
2.Moral lesson → pesan moral.
3.Information → informasi.
4.Imagination → mengembangkan imajinasi pembaca.

3. Struktur Narrative Text
Narrative text biasanya mempunyai empat bagian utama:
A. Orientation
Orientation introduces the characters, place, and time of the story.
Artinya:
Orientation memperkenalkan tokoh, tempat, dan waktu terjadinya cerita.
Biasanya menjawab pertanyaan:

• Who? → Siapa?
• Where? → Di mana?
• When? → Kapan?

Contoh:
Once upon a time, there lived a poor farmer in a small village.
Artinya:
Pada suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang petani miskin di sebuah desa kecil.

B. Complication
Complication tells about the problem or conflict in the story.
Artinya:
Complication menceritakan masalah atau konflik yang terjadi dalam cerita.
Contoh:
One day, the farmer found a golden bird in his field. The bird asked him not to tell anyone about it.
Artinya:
Suatu hari, petani tersebut menemukan seekor burung emas di ladangnya. Burung itu memintanya untuk tidak memberitahukan hal tersebut kepada siapa pun.

C. Resolution
Resolution tells how the problem is solved.
Artinya:
Resolution menceritakan bagaimana masalah dalam cerita diselesaikan.
Contoh:
Finally, the farmer understood his mistake and promised not to be greedy again.
Artinya:
Akhirnya, petani tersebut menyadari kesalahannya dan berjanji untuk tidak menjadi serakah lagi.

D. Re-orientation / Coda
Bagian ini bersifat opsional. Biasanya berisi kesimpulan, komentar, atau pesan moral dari cerita.
Contoh:
From the story, we learn that we should not be greedy.
Artinya:
Dari cerita tersebut, kita belajar bahwa kita tidak boleh serakah.

4. Rumus Struktur Narrative Text
Struktur Isi
Orientation Pengenalan tokoh, tempat, dan waktu
Complication Masalah atau konflik
Resolution Penyelesaian masalah
Re-orientation/Coda Pesan moral atau kesimpulan
Pola sederhananya:
Orientation → Complication → Resolution → Coda

5. Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text
Narrative text memiliki beberapa ciri:
1. Menggunakan Simple Past Tense
Karena biasanya menceritakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi.
Contoh:
She went to the forest.
Artinya:
Dia pergi ke hutan.
Contoh kata kerja:
V1     V2 Arti
go ⇒ went = pergi
see ⇒ saw = melihat
take ⇒ took = mengambil
come ⇒ came = datang
eat ⇒ ate = makan
find ⇒ found = menemukan
give ⇒ gave = memberikan
make ⇒ made = membuat
meet ⇒ met = bertemu
say ⇒ said = mengatakan

2. Menggunakan Action Verbs
Action verbs adalah kata kerja yang menunjukkan tindakan.
Contoh:

walked → berjalan

ran → berlari

opened → membuka

closed → menutup

shouted → berteriak

cried → menangis

helped → membantu

fought → bertarung

climbed → memanjat

Contoh:
The boy ran into the forest.
Artinya:
Anak laki-laki itu berlari ke dalam hutan.

3. Menggunakan Time Connectives
Time connectives digunakan untuk menunjukkan urutan waktu.
Contoh:

Once upon a time → Pada suatu ketika

One day → Suatu hari

Then → Kemudian

After that → Setelah itu

Suddenly → Tiba-tiba

Finally → Akhirnya

In the end → Pada akhirnya

Contoh:
One day, a girl went to the forest.
Then, she met an old woman.
Finally, she returned home.

6. Menggunakan Adverbs of Time and Place
Adverb of Time
Menjelaskan waktu.
Contoh:
yesterday → kemarin
one day → suatu hari
last night → tadi malam
long ago → dahulu kala
in the morning → pada pagi hari

Adverb of Place
Menjelaskan tempat.
Contoh:
in the forest → di hutan
in the village → di desa
near the river → di dekat sungai
in the palace → di istana
at home → di rumah

7. Menggunakan Direct Speech
Narrative text sering menggunakan percakapan langsung.
Contoh:
“Please help me!” the girl said.
Artinya:
“Tolong aku!” kata gadis itu.
Contoh lainnya:
“Where are you going?” the mother asked.
Artinya:
“Kamu mau pergi ke mana?” tanya ibu.

8. Kata Sifat dalam Narrative Text
Narrative text sering menggunakan adjectives untuk menggambarkan tokoh atau tempat.
Contoh:
Adjective Arti
beautiful cantik/indah
handsome tampan
kind baik
clever pintar
brave berani
poor miskin
rich kaya
cruel kejam
angry marah
happy bahagia
sad sedih
old tua
young muda
magical ajaib
Contoh:
There was a beautiful princess in the kingdom.
Artinya:
Ada seorang putri cantik di kerajaan tersebut.

9. Contoh Narrative Text

The Story of Malin Kundang

Orientation
Once upon a time, there lived a poor widow and her son named Malin Kundang in a small village in West Sumatra. Malin was a kind and hardworking boy. He loved his mother very much.
Artinya:
Pada suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang janda miskin dan anak laki-lakinya yang bernama Malin Kundang di sebuah desa kecil di Sumatra Barat. Malin adalah anak yang baik dan pekerja keras. Ia sangat menyayangi ibunya.

Complication
One day, Malin decided to leave his village and go to the sea to find a better life. His mother was sad, but she allowed him to go.
Many years later, Malin became a successful and wealthy merchant. He married a beautiful woman and had a large ship.
One day, Malin’s ship arrived at his hometown. His mother heard the news and came to the harbor. She was very happy because she could meet her son again.
However, Malin was ashamed of his poor mother. He did not want his wife to know that he was the son of a poor woman.
“I don’t know her. She is not my mother,” Malin said.

Artinya:
Suatu hari, Malin memutuskan untuk meninggalkan desanya dan pergi ke laut untuk mencari kehidupan yang lebih baik. Ibunya merasa sedih, tetapi ia mengizinkan Malin pergi.
Bertahun-tahun kemudian, Malin menjadi seorang pedagang yang sukses dan kaya. Ia menikahi seorang wanita cantik dan memiliki sebuah kapal besar.
Suatu hari, kapal Malin tiba di kampung halamannya. Ibunya mendengar kabar tersebut dan datang ke pelabuhan. Ia sangat bahagia karena dapat bertemu dengan anaknya lagi.
Namun, Malin merasa malu terhadap ibunya yang miskin. Ia tidak ingin istrinya mengetahui bahwa ia adalah anak dari seorang wanita miskin.
“Aku tidak mengenalnya. Dia bukan ibuku,” kata Malin.

Resolution
His mother was very sad and disappointed. She prayed to God and asked for justice.
Suddenly, a great storm came. The sea became very rough. Malin and his ship were hit by the storm.
When the storm ended, Malin was turned into stone.
Artinya:
Ibunya sangat sedih dan kecewa. Ia berdoa kepada Tuhan dan memohon keadilan.
Tiba-tiba, badai besar datang. Laut menjadi sangat bergelombang. Malin dan kapalnya diterjang badai.
Ketika badai berakhir, Malin berubah menjadi batu.

Coda / Moral Lesson
The story teaches us that we should always respect and love our parents. We should never be ashamed of our family.
Artinya:
Cerita tersebut mengajarkan kita bahwa kita harus selalu menghormati dan menyayangi orang tua. Kita tidak boleh merasa malu terhadap keluarga kita.

10. Contoh Narrative Text Pendek

ߦ The Lion and the Mouse
English
Once upon a time, a lion was sleeping under a tree. A little mouse ran across his body. The lion woke up and caught the mouse.
“Why did you disturb me?” asked the lion.
“Please forgive me,” said the mouse. “I promise that I will help you someday.”
The lion laughed and let the mouse go.
A few days later, the lion was caught in a hunter’s net. He tried to escape, but he could not.
The mouse heard the lion’s roar. He came quickly and bit the net with his sharp teeth.
Finally, the lion was free.
The lion thanked the mouse. He realized that even a small animal could help a big animal.

Artinya
Pada suatu ketika, seekor singa sedang tidur di bawah pohon. Seekor tikus kecil berlari melintasi tubuhnya. Singa tersebut terbangun dan menangkap tikus itu.
“Mengapa kamu menggangguku?” tanya singa.
“Tolong maafkan aku,” kata tikus. “Aku berjanji akan membantumu suatu hari nanti.”
Singa tertawa dan membiarkan tikus itu pergi.
Beberapa hari kemudian, singa tertangkap dalam jaring pemburu. Ia mencoba melarikan diri, tetapi tidak bisa.
Tikus mendengar auman singa. Ia segera datang dan menggigit jaring tersebut dengan giginya yang tajam.
Akhirnya, singa itu bebas.
Singa berterima kasih kepada tikus. Ia menyadari bahwa bahkan hewan kecil pun dapat membantu hewan yang besar.
Moral lesson:
We should never underestimate others.
Artinya:
Kita tidak boleh meremehkan orang lain.

11. Contoh Kalimat Berdasarkan Struktur
Orientation
Once upon a time, there lived a poor farmer in a small village.
Artinya:
Pada suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang petani miskin di sebuah desa kecil.
Complication
One day, the farmer lost his way in the forest.
Artinya:
Suatu hari, petani itu tersesat di hutan.
Resolution
Finally, a kind man helped him find his way home.
Artinya:
Akhirnya, seorang pria yang baik membantunya menemukan jalan pulang.
Coda
The farmer learned that kindness can come from anyone.
Artinya:
Petani tersebut belajar bahwa kebaikan dapat datang dari siapa saja.

12. Kosakata Penting Narrative Text
English Indonesia
once upon a time pada suatu ketika
long ago dahulu kala
kingdom kerajaan
king raja
queen ratu
prince pangeran
princess putri
village desa
forest hutan
castle istana/benteng
witch penyihir
giant raksasa
farmer petani
hunter pemburu
merchant pedagang
poor miskin
rich kaya
brave berani
afraid takut
angry marah
happy bahagia
sad sedih
suddenly tiba-tiba
finally akhirnya
then kemudian
after that setelah itu
escaped melarikan diri
found menemukan
met bertemu
helped membantu
saved menyelamatkan
defeated mengalahkan

13. Perbedaan Narrative Text dan Recount Text
Narrative Text Recount Text
Menceritakan sebuah cerita Menceritakan pengalaman/peristiwa
Biasanya memiliki konflik Tidak harus memiliki konflik
Bertujuan menghibur Bertujuan menceritakan pengalaman
Ada resolution Biasanya berakhir dengan re-orientation
Sering berupa dongeng/legenda Sering berupa pengalaman pribadi
Contoh: Cinderella Contoh: My Holiday
Contoh Narrative:
Cinderella lived with her cruel stepmother.
Contoh Recount:
Last Sunday, I visited my grandmother.

14. Latihan Soal Narrative Text
Text
Once upon a time, there was a kind girl named Lily. She lived with her mother in a small village. One day, Lily found a small bird with an injured wing. She took the bird home and took care of it.
After several days, the bird became healthy. Lily released it into the forest. Before flying away, the bird said, “Thank you, Lily. You are very kind.”
The next morning, Lily found a beautiful golden flower in front of her house. She was very happy.
Questions
1. Who was Lily?
A. A queen
B. A kind girl
C. A farmer
D. A princess
Answer: B
Artinya: Lily adalah seorang gadis yang baik.

2. What did Lily find?
A. A cat
B. A dog
C. A bird
D. A rabbit
Answer: C
Artinya: Lily menemukan seekor burung.

3. Why did Lily take the bird home?
A. Because the bird was beautiful.
B. Because the bird was hungry.
C. Because the bird had an injured wing.
D. Because the bird was expensive.
Answer: C
Artinya: Karena burung tersebut memiliki sayap yang terluka.

4. What happened after several days?
A. The bird died.
B. The bird became healthy.
C. Lily sold the bird.
D. Lily lost the bird.
Answer: B
Artinya: Burung tersebut menjadi sehat.

5. What is the moral lesson of the story?
A. We should be selfish.
B. We should help others.
C. We should be angry.
D. We should avoid animals.
Answer: B
Artinya: Kita harus membantu orang lain.

15. Cara Mudah Menulis Narrative Text
Gunakan pola berikut:
Step 1 — Tentukan tokoh
Contoh:
A poor farmer
Step 2 — Tentukan tempat
Contoh:
In a small village
Step 3 — Tentukan masalah
Contoh:
The farmer lost his money.
Step 4 — Buat penyelesaian
Contoh:
A kind man helped him.
Step 5 — Berikan pesan moral
Contoh:
We should always help people who need us.
Pola lengkap:
Once upon a time, there was a ________.
One day, ________ happened.
Then, ________.
After that, ________.
Finally, ________.
From the story, we learn that ________.
Dengan pola ini, siswa dapat membuat narrative text sederhana secara mandiri.